The role of relative fat mass in gallstone risk assessment: findings from the NHANES 2017–2020 survey

BackgroundGallstones are a prevalent condition that can lead to significant morbidity and healthcare costs. Relative fat mass (RFM), as a potential marker of body fat distribution, may offer insights beyond traditional metrics like body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. This study aims to in...

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Main Authors: Li Wang, Shan Cao, Guodong Song
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-04-01
Series:Frontiers in Nutrition
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1575524/full
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author Li Wang
Shan Cao
Guodong Song
author_facet Li Wang
Shan Cao
Guodong Song
author_sort Li Wang
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundGallstones are a prevalent condition that can lead to significant morbidity and healthcare costs. Relative fat mass (RFM), as a potential marker of body fat distribution, may offer insights beyond traditional metrics like body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. This study aims to investigate the association between RFM and gallstone prevalence in the U.S. population.MethodsThe study cohort comprised 6,881 participants obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2017 and 2020. Participants were stratified into quartiles (Q1–Q4) based on their RFM. To evaluate the associations, multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed to assess odds ratios (OR) for gallstone risk across different quartiles of RFM. Additionally, restricted cubic spline analysis was conducted to ascertain the relationship trend while subgroup analyses examined interactions based on age, sex, race, education level, and lifestyle factors.ResultsThe analysis revealed significant associations for participants within the higher RFM quartiles (Q3 and Q4), with ORs of 2.58 (95% CI: 1.65, 4.04) and 6.30 (95% CI: 3.63, 10.93), respectively, compared to Q1. The findings consistently indicated that RFM, particularly in Q4, is a strong predictor of gallstone risk, demonstrating superior predictive performance relative to waist circumference and BMI, as evidenced by an AUC of 0.702.ConclusionElevated RFM is a noteworthy predictor of gallstone risk in the studied population, suggesting its potential utility in clinical risk assessment frameworks. Future research should focus on elucidating the underlying mechanisms driving this association and exploring RFM's applicability as a pragmatic tool in clinical practice for gallstone risk stratification.
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spelling doaj-art-e5279300f9a949b297efdeba4e162b4e2025-08-20T02:28:46ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2025-04-011210.3389/fnut.2025.15755241575524The role of relative fat mass in gallstone risk assessment: findings from the NHANES 2017–2020 surveyLi Wang0Shan Cao1Guodong Song2Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, ChinaDepartment of Respiratory, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, ChinaDepartment of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, ChinaBackgroundGallstones are a prevalent condition that can lead to significant morbidity and healthcare costs. Relative fat mass (RFM), as a potential marker of body fat distribution, may offer insights beyond traditional metrics like body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference. This study aims to investigate the association between RFM and gallstone prevalence in the U.S. population.MethodsThe study cohort comprised 6,881 participants obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 2017 and 2020. Participants were stratified into quartiles (Q1–Q4) based on their RFM. To evaluate the associations, multivariable logistic regression analyses were employed to assess odds ratios (OR) for gallstone risk across different quartiles of RFM. Additionally, restricted cubic spline analysis was conducted to ascertain the relationship trend while subgroup analyses examined interactions based on age, sex, race, education level, and lifestyle factors.ResultsThe analysis revealed significant associations for participants within the higher RFM quartiles (Q3 and Q4), with ORs of 2.58 (95% CI: 1.65, 4.04) and 6.30 (95% CI: 3.63, 10.93), respectively, compared to Q1. The findings consistently indicated that RFM, particularly in Q4, is a strong predictor of gallstone risk, demonstrating superior predictive performance relative to waist circumference and BMI, as evidenced by an AUC of 0.702.ConclusionElevated RFM is a noteworthy predictor of gallstone risk in the studied population, suggesting its potential utility in clinical risk assessment frameworks. Future research should focus on elucidating the underlying mechanisms driving this association and exploring RFM's applicability as a pragmatic tool in clinical practice for gallstone risk stratification.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1575524/fullgallstonesrelative fat massNHANEScross-sectional studyrisk factor
spellingShingle Li Wang
Shan Cao
Guodong Song
The role of relative fat mass in gallstone risk assessment: findings from the NHANES 2017–2020 survey
Frontiers in Nutrition
gallstones
relative fat mass
NHANES
cross-sectional study
risk factor
title The role of relative fat mass in gallstone risk assessment: findings from the NHANES 2017–2020 survey
title_full The role of relative fat mass in gallstone risk assessment: findings from the NHANES 2017–2020 survey
title_fullStr The role of relative fat mass in gallstone risk assessment: findings from the NHANES 2017–2020 survey
title_full_unstemmed The role of relative fat mass in gallstone risk assessment: findings from the NHANES 2017–2020 survey
title_short The role of relative fat mass in gallstone risk assessment: findings from the NHANES 2017–2020 survey
title_sort role of relative fat mass in gallstone risk assessment findings from the nhanes 2017 2020 survey
topic gallstones
relative fat mass
NHANES
cross-sectional study
risk factor
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1575524/full
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