Cardiorespiratory dynamics in the brain: Review on the significance of cardiovascular and respiratory correlates in functional MRI signal
Cardiorespiratory signals have long been treated as ''noise'' in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) research, with the goal of minimizing their impact to isolate neural activity. However, there is a growing recognition that these signals, once seen as confounding variab...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-02-01
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| Series: | NeuroImage |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S105381192400497X |
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| author | Mahathi Kandimalla Seokbeen Lim Jay Thakkar Sannidhi Dewan Daehun Kang Myung-Ho In Hang Joon Jo Dong Pyo Jang Zuzana Nedelska Maria I. Lapid Yunhong Shu Cheon-Pyung Petrice M. Cogswell Val J. Lowe Jeyeon Lee Hoon-Ki Min |
| author_facet | Mahathi Kandimalla Seokbeen Lim Jay Thakkar Sannidhi Dewan Daehun Kang Myung-Ho In Hang Joon Jo Dong Pyo Jang Zuzana Nedelska Maria I. Lapid Yunhong Shu Cheon-Pyung Petrice M. Cogswell Val J. Lowe Jeyeon Lee Hoon-Ki Min |
| author_sort | Mahathi Kandimalla |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cardiorespiratory signals have long been treated as ''noise'' in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) research, with the goal of minimizing their impact to isolate neural activity. However, there is a growing recognition that these signals, once seen as confounding variables, provide valuable insights into brain function and overall health. This shift reflects the dynamic interaction between the cardiovascular, respiratory, and neural systems, which together support brain activity. In this review, we explore the role of cardiorespiratory dynamics—such as heart rate variability (HRV), respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), and changes in blood flow, oxygenation, and carbon dioxide levels—embedded within fMRI signals. These physiological signals reflect critical aspects of neurovascular coupling and are influenced by factors such as physiological stress, breathing patterns, and age-related changes. We also discuss the complexities of distinguishing these signals from neuronal activity in fMRI data, given their significant contribution to signal variability and interactions with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Recognizing the influence of these cardiorespiratory dynamics is crucial for improving the interpretation of fMRI data, shedding light on heart-brain and respiratory-brain connections, and enhancing our understanding of circulation, oxygen delivery, and waste elimination within the brain. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e501976f0421403ab42763bac9a9f498 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1095-9572 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | NeuroImage |
| spelling | doaj-art-e501976f0421403ab42763bac9a9f4982025-01-23T05:26:21ZengElsevierNeuroImage1095-95722025-02-01306121000Cardiorespiratory dynamics in the brain: Review on the significance of cardiovascular and respiratory correlates in functional MRI signalMahathi Kandimalla0Seokbeen Lim1Jay Thakkar2Sannidhi Dewan3Daehun Kang4Myung-Ho In5Hang Joon Jo6Dong Pyo Jang7Zuzana Nedelska8Maria I. Lapid9Yunhong Shu10 Cheon-Pyung11Petrice M. Cogswell12Val J. Lowe13Jeyeon Lee14Hoon-Ki Min15Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USADepartment of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USADepartment of Radiology, Jefferson Health, Philadelphia, PA, USADepartment of Radiology, Jefferson Health, Philadelphia, PA, USADepartment of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USADepartment of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USADepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Neurology, Charles University, Prague, Czech RepublicDepartment of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USADepartment of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USASeokmun Hoheup Center, Suwon, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USADepartment of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USADepartment of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Corresponding authors at: 200 1st Street SW, Rochester MN 55905 USA.Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; Corresponding authors at: 200 1st Street SW, Rochester MN 55905 USA.Cardiorespiratory signals have long been treated as ''noise'' in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) research, with the goal of minimizing their impact to isolate neural activity. However, there is a growing recognition that these signals, once seen as confounding variables, provide valuable insights into brain function and overall health. This shift reflects the dynamic interaction between the cardiovascular, respiratory, and neural systems, which together support brain activity. In this review, we explore the role of cardiorespiratory dynamics—such as heart rate variability (HRV), respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), and changes in blood flow, oxygenation, and carbon dioxide levels—embedded within fMRI signals. These physiological signals reflect critical aspects of neurovascular coupling and are influenced by factors such as physiological stress, breathing patterns, and age-related changes. We also discuss the complexities of distinguishing these signals from neuronal activity in fMRI data, given their significant contribution to signal variability and interactions with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Recognizing the influence of these cardiorespiratory dynamics is crucial for improving the interpretation of fMRI data, shedding light on heart-brain and respiratory-brain connections, and enhancing our understanding of circulation, oxygen delivery, and waste elimination within the brain.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S105381192400497XCardiopulmonaryCardiorespiratory dynamicsIntegrative physiologyfMRI (Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging)BOLD (Blood Oxygen Level-Dependent)rsfMRI (Resting-State fMRI) |
| spellingShingle | Mahathi Kandimalla Seokbeen Lim Jay Thakkar Sannidhi Dewan Daehun Kang Myung-Ho In Hang Joon Jo Dong Pyo Jang Zuzana Nedelska Maria I. Lapid Yunhong Shu Cheon-Pyung Petrice M. Cogswell Val J. Lowe Jeyeon Lee Hoon-Ki Min Cardiorespiratory dynamics in the brain: Review on the significance of cardiovascular and respiratory correlates in functional MRI signal NeuroImage Cardiopulmonary Cardiorespiratory dynamics Integrative physiology fMRI (Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging) BOLD (Blood Oxygen Level-Dependent) rsfMRI (Resting-State fMRI) |
| title | Cardiorespiratory dynamics in the brain: Review on the significance of cardiovascular and respiratory correlates in functional MRI signal |
| title_full | Cardiorespiratory dynamics in the brain: Review on the significance of cardiovascular and respiratory correlates in functional MRI signal |
| title_fullStr | Cardiorespiratory dynamics in the brain: Review on the significance of cardiovascular and respiratory correlates in functional MRI signal |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cardiorespiratory dynamics in the brain: Review on the significance of cardiovascular and respiratory correlates in functional MRI signal |
| title_short | Cardiorespiratory dynamics in the brain: Review on the significance of cardiovascular and respiratory correlates in functional MRI signal |
| title_sort | cardiorespiratory dynamics in the brain review on the significance of cardiovascular and respiratory correlates in functional mri signal |
| topic | Cardiopulmonary Cardiorespiratory dynamics Integrative physiology fMRI (Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging) BOLD (Blood Oxygen Level-Dependent) rsfMRI (Resting-State fMRI) |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S105381192400497X |
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