Assessment of the Accuracy of Terrestrial Laser Scanners in Detecting Local Surface Anomaly
The surface anomaly is a common defect for structures that resist lateral stresses, such as retaining walls. The accurate detection of an anomaly using contactless techniques, such as the Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS), is significant for the reliable structural assessment. The influence of the sca...
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/24/4647 |
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| author | Ali Algadhi Panos Psimoulis Athina Grizi Luis Neves |
| author_facet | Ali Algadhi Panos Psimoulis Athina Grizi Luis Neves |
| author_sort | Ali Algadhi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The surface anomaly is a common defect for structures that resist lateral stresses, such as retaining walls. The accurate detection of an anomaly using contactless techniques, such as the Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS), is significant for the reliable structural assessment. The influence of the scanning geometry on the accuracy of the TLS point-clouds was investigated in previous studies; however, a deeper analysis is needed to investigate their impact in the context of structural health monitoring. This paper aims to empirically assess the performance of the TLS in detecting surface anomalies, with respect to the scanning distance and angle of incidence in two cases: (i) when both the reference and deformed clouds are taken from the same scanning position, and (ii) the scans are from different positions. Furthermore, the paper examines the accuracy of estimating the depth of the anomaly using three cloud comparison techniques (i.e., C2C, C2M, and M3C2 methods). The results show that the TLS is capable of detecting the surface anomaly for distances between 2 and 30 m and angles of incidence between 90° and 30°, with a tolerance of within a few millimeters. This is achieved even for the case where scans from different locations (i.e., angles and distances) are applied. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e4fb47fa2d8a4255bb81e953953ca644 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj-art-e4fb47fa2d8a4255bb81e953953ca6442025-08-20T02:01:21ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922024-12-011624464710.3390/rs16244647Assessment of the Accuracy of Terrestrial Laser Scanners in Detecting Local Surface AnomalyAli Algadhi0Panos Psimoulis1Athina Grizi2Luis Neves3Department of Civil Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi ArabiaNottingham Geospatial Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2TU, UKRegion of Western Greece, 26443 Patras, GreeceDepartment of Civil Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UKThe surface anomaly is a common defect for structures that resist lateral stresses, such as retaining walls. The accurate detection of an anomaly using contactless techniques, such as the Terrestrial Laser Scanner (TLS), is significant for the reliable structural assessment. The influence of the scanning geometry on the accuracy of the TLS point-clouds was investigated in previous studies; however, a deeper analysis is needed to investigate their impact in the context of structural health monitoring. This paper aims to empirically assess the performance of the TLS in detecting surface anomalies, with respect to the scanning distance and angle of incidence in two cases: (i) when both the reference and deformed clouds are taken from the same scanning position, and (ii) the scans are from different positions. Furthermore, the paper examines the accuracy of estimating the depth of the anomaly using three cloud comparison techniques (i.e., C2C, C2M, and M3C2 methods). The results show that the TLS is capable of detecting the surface anomaly for distances between 2 and 30 m and angles of incidence between 90° and 30°, with a tolerance of within a few millimeters. This is achieved even for the case where scans from different locations (i.e., angles and distances) are applied.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/24/4647TLSSHMsurface anomalychange detectionC2CC2M |
| spellingShingle | Ali Algadhi Panos Psimoulis Athina Grizi Luis Neves Assessment of the Accuracy of Terrestrial Laser Scanners in Detecting Local Surface Anomaly Remote Sensing TLS SHM surface anomaly change detection C2C C2M |
| title | Assessment of the Accuracy of Terrestrial Laser Scanners in Detecting Local Surface Anomaly |
| title_full | Assessment of the Accuracy of Terrestrial Laser Scanners in Detecting Local Surface Anomaly |
| title_fullStr | Assessment of the Accuracy of Terrestrial Laser Scanners in Detecting Local Surface Anomaly |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of the Accuracy of Terrestrial Laser Scanners in Detecting Local Surface Anomaly |
| title_short | Assessment of the Accuracy of Terrestrial Laser Scanners in Detecting Local Surface Anomaly |
| title_sort | assessment of the accuracy of terrestrial laser scanners in detecting local surface anomaly |
| topic | TLS SHM surface anomaly change detection C2C C2M |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/16/24/4647 |
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