Retinal Vascular Response to Hyperoxia in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus without Diabetic Retinopathy

Purpose. To evaluate the retinal vascular response to hyperoxia in patients with diabetes at the preclinical stage of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and to quantify the changes in comparison with normal subjects using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods. In this prospective study, 40...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Hamid Safi, Ramin Nourinia, Sare Safi, Ehsan Hadian, Bahareh Kheiri, Hamid Ahmadieh
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2021-01-01
Series:Journal of Ophthalmology
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9877205
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850166900580941824
author Hamid Safi
Ramin Nourinia
Sare Safi
Ehsan Hadian
Bahareh Kheiri
Hamid Ahmadieh
author_facet Hamid Safi
Ramin Nourinia
Sare Safi
Ehsan Hadian
Bahareh Kheiri
Hamid Ahmadieh
author_sort Hamid Safi
collection DOAJ
description Purpose. To evaluate the retinal vascular response to hyperoxia in patients with diabetes at the preclinical stage of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and to quantify the changes in comparison with normal subjects using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods. In this prospective study, 40 eyes of 20 participants comprising 10 diabetic patients with no diabetic retinopathy (NDR) and 10 normal subjects were recruited. OCTA images were acquired in the resting position and were repeated after a hyperoxic challenge using a nasal mask connected to a reservoir bag supplying 100% oxygen at the rate of 15 L per minute for 5 minutes. The changes of mean parafoveal vessel density (VD) in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP), the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) size, and the outer retina flow index were compared between two conditions in each group and between the two study groups. The statistical significance of differences in the means was evaluated using Student’s t-test for unpaired samples with consideration of the generalized estimating equations (GEE) for intereye correlation. Results. At baseline, the mean parafoveal VD of SCP and DCP were significantly lower in the NDR participants compared to the healthy subjects (P < 0.001 and P = 0.006, respectively). After induction of the hyperoxic challenge in healthy participants, mean parafoveal VD reduced at both the SCP and DCP, but reached a statistical significance only in DCP (P = 0.006). However, following induction of hyperoxic challenge in patients with NDR, no significant decline was noticed in mean parafoveal VD of SCP and DCP. The degree of change in mean parafoveal VD of DCP was statistically significantly more pronounced in healthy subjects compared to the NDR group (P = 0.034). The change in FAZ size and the outer retina flow index were comparable between the two study groups. Conclusion. Retinal capillary layers responded differently to hyperoxia-induced challenge, and in normal subjects, the autoregulatory mechanism was mostly effective in the parafoveal DCP. Retinal vascular reactivity was impaired in SCP and DCP at the preclinical stage of DR. OCTA as a noninvasive modality was able to quantify the retinal vascular response to the hyperoxic challenge.
format Article
id doaj-art-e4e67eb77584407eabaf8d700e8b05ad
institution OA Journals
issn 2090-004X
2090-0058
language English
publishDate 2021-01-01
publisher Wiley
record_format Article
series Journal of Ophthalmology
spelling doaj-art-e4e67eb77584407eabaf8d700e8b05ad2025-08-20T02:21:19ZengWileyJournal of Ophthalmology2090-004X2090-00582021-01-01202110.1155/2021/98772059877205Retinal Vascular Response to Hyperoxia in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus without Diabetic RetinopathyHamid Safi0Ramin Nourinia1Sare Safi2Ehsan Hadian3Bahareh Kheiri4Hamid Ahmadieh5Ophthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranOphthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranOphthalmic Epidemiology Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranOphthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranOphthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranOphthalmic Research Center, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranPurpose. To evaluate the retinal vascular response to hyperoxia in patients with diabetes at the preclinical stage of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and to quantify the changes in comparison with normal subjects using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). Methods. In this prospective study, 40 eyes of 20 participants comprising 10 diabetic patients with no diabetic retinopathy (NDR) and 10 normal subjects were recruited. OCTA images were acquired in the resting position and were repeated after a hyperoxic challenge using a nasal mask connected to a reservoir bag supplying 100% oxygen at the rate of 15 L per minute for 5 minutes. The changes of mean parafoveal vessel density (VD) in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP) and deep capillary plexus (DCP), the foveal avascular zone (FAZ) size, and the outer retina flow index were compared between two conditions in each group and between the two study groups. The statistical significance of differences in the means was evaluated using Student’s t-test for unpaired samples with consideration of the generalized estimating equations (GEE) for intereye correlation. Results. At baseline, the mean parafoveal VD of SCP and DCP were significantly lower in the NDR participants compared to the healthy subjects (P < 0.001 and P = 0.006, respectively). After induction of the hyperoxic challenge in healthy participants, mean parafoveal VD reduced at both the SCP and DCP, but reached a statistical significance only in DCP (P = 0.006). However, following induction of hyperoxic challenge in patients with NDR, no significant decline was noticed in mean parafoveal VD of SCP and DCP. The degree of change in mean parafoveal VD of DCP was statistically significantly more pronounced in healthy subjects compared to the NDR group (P = 0.034). The change in FAZ size and the outer retina flow index were comparable between the two study groups. Conclusion. Retinal capillary layers responded differently to hyperoxia-induced challenge, and in normal subjects, the autoregulatory mechanism was mostly effective in the parafoveal DCP. Retinal vascular reactivity was impaired in SCP and DCP at the preclinical stage of DR. OCTA as a noninvasive modality was able to quantify the retinal vascular response to the hyperoxic challenge.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9877205
spellingShingle Hamid Safi
Ramin Nourinia
Sare Safi
Ehsan Hadian
Bahareh Kheiri
Hamid Ahmadieh
Retinal Vascular Response to Hyperoxia in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus without Diabetic Retinopathy
Journal of Ophthalmology
title Retinal Vascular Response to Hyperoxia in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus without Diabetic Retinopathy
title_full Retinal Vascular Response to Hyperoxia in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus without Diabetic Retinopathy
title_fullStr Retinal Vascular Response to Hyperoxia in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus without Diabetic Retinopathy
title_full_unstemmed Retinal Vascular Response to Hyperoxia in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus without Diabetic Retinopathy
title_short Retinal Vascular Response to Hyperoxia in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus without Diabetic Retinopathy
title_sort retinal vascular response to hyperoxia in patients with diabetes mellitus without diabetic retinopathy
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9877205
work_keys_str_mv AT hamidsafi retinalvascularresponsetohyperoxiainpatientswithdiabetesmellituswithoutdiabeticretinopathy
AT raminnourinia retinalvascularresponsetohyperoxiainpatientswithdiabetesmellituswithoutdiabeticretinopathy
AT saresafi retinalvascularresponsetohyperoxiainpatientswithdiabetesmellituswithoutdiabeticretinopathy
AT ehsanhadian retinalvascularresponsetohyperoxiainpatientswithdiabetesmellituswithoutdiabeticretinopathy
AT baharehkheiri retinalvascularresponsetohyperoxiainpatientswithdiabetesmellituswithoutdiabeticretinopathy
AT hamidahmadieh retinalvascularresponsetohyperoxiainpatientswithdiabetesmellituswithoutdiabeticretinopathy