Changes in tear cytokine and lactoferrin levels in postmenopausal women with primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction complicated with obstructed meibomian gland dysfunction

Changes in tear cytokine and lactoferrin levels in postmenopausal women with primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction complicated with obstructed meibomian gland dysfunction

Abstract Background Epiphora and secondary ocular surface damage are increasingly impairing the quality of life of people, particularly elderly women. We aimed to investigate the changes in tear cytokine and lactoferrin levels in postmenopausal women with primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstructi...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Haili Jin, Xianjie Chen, Feng Ji, Yin Liu, Yonghong Sheng, Guoping Wang, Linfeng Han, Xiaohu Wang, He Ding, Jing Liu, Qingqing Fu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-01-01
Series:BMC Ophthalmology
Subjects:
Primary acquired nasolacrimal duct obstruction
Obstructed meibomian gland dysfunction
Inflammation
Tear cytokine
Postmenopausal women
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-025-03866-7
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