Concurrent Prescribing of Opioids and Sedative‐Hypnotic Drugs for Long‐Term Use in Australian General Practice: A Cross‐Sectional Analysis Using MedicineInsight

ABSTRACT The number of unintentional deaths involving opioid and/or benzodiazepine use continues to increase in Australia. This study examined patterns of concurrent prescribing of opioids and benzodiazepines/Z‐drugs (BZDs) for long‐term use in Australian general practice. A cross‐sectional analysis...

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Main Authors: Susan Williams, Josie Rositano, Claudia Haeusler, Meghana Bhat, Kimberley Omond, Nigel Stocks, David Gonzalez‐Chica
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-06-01
Series:Pharmacology Research & Perspectives
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1002/prp2.70084
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author Susan Williams
Josie Rositano
Claudia Haeusler
Meghana Bhat
Kimberley Omond
Nigel Stocks
David Gonzalez‐Chica
author_facet Susan Williams
Josie Rositano
Claudia Haeusler
Meghana Bhat
Kimberley Omond
Nigel Stocks
David Gonzalez‐Chica
author_sort Susan Williams
collection DOAJ
description ABSTRACT The number of unintentional deaths involving opioid and/or benzodiazepine use continues to increase in Australia. This study examined patterns of concurrent prescribing of opioids and benzodiazepines/Z‐drugs (BZDs) for long‐term use in Australian general practice. A cross‐sectional analysis was undertaken using MedicineInsight, a national database of de‐identified general practice electronic health records. We estimated the proportion of patients (per 1000, ‰) in 2017 receiving concurrent prescriptions for opioid and BZD medications for long‐term use (≥ 3 prescriptions within 90 days). Poisson regression models were used to estimate the marginal adjusted prevalence (adjP) and adjusted prevalence ratios (adjPR) were used to compare concurrent long‐term prescribing according to sociodemographic characteristics, rurality, smoking status, and diagnosis of mental health or musculoskeletal conditions. The sample included 1,207,671 individuals (41.3% males; mean age 50.6 ± 18.6 years) regularly attending 544 general practices. The prevalence of concurrent long‐term opioid and BZD prescribing was 7.0‰, and the median duration of prescribing overlap was 611 days (p25‐p75 348–952). The prevalence was higher for patients aged over 65 years (adjPR = 3.62 95% CI 3.30, 3.98), females (adjPR = 1.33 95% CI 1.27, 1.39), those living in more disadvantaged (adjPR = 1.70 95% CI 1.49, 1.93) or rural/remote areas (adjPR = 1.13 95% CI 1.00, 1.28), smokers (adjPR = 4.10 95% CI 3.87, 4.35), and those with mental health (adjPR = 3.23; 95% CI 2.83, 3.69) or musculoskeletal conditions (adjPR = 2.74; 95% CI 2.47, 3.04). In patients with both mental health and musculoskeletal conditions, the prevalence was 32.1‰. Interventions to reduce concurrent long‐term prescribing could be targeted to the identified vulnerable groups.
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spelling doaj-art-e4bdb5ed87f84726a232e2f800e789492025-08-20T02:39:32ZengWileyPharmacology Research & Perspectives2052-17072025-06-01133n/an/a10.1002/prp2.70084Concurrent Prescribing of Opioids and Sedative‐Hypnotic Drugs for Long‐Term Use in Australian General Practice: A Cross‐Sectional Analysis Using MedicineInsightSusan Williams0Josie Rositano1Claudia Haeusler2Meghana Bhat3Kimberley Omond4Nigel Stocks5David Gonzalez‐Chica6Adelaide Rural Clinical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences The University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia AustraliaAdelaide Rural Clinical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences The University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia AustraliaAdelaide Rural Clinical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences The University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia AustraliaANU College of Health and Medicine The Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory AustraliaDiscipline of General Practice, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences The University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia AustraliaDiscipline of General Practice, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences The University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia AustraliaAdelaide Rural Clinical School and Discipline of General Practice, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences The University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia AustraliaABSTRACT The number of unintentional deaths involving opioid and/or benzodiazepine use continues to increase in Australia. This study examined patterns of concurrent prescribing of opioids and benzodiazepines/Z‐drugs (BZDs) for long‐term use in Australian general practice. A cross‐sectional analysis was undertaken using MedicineInsight, a national database of de‐identified general practice electronic health records. We estimated the proportion of patients (per 1000, ‰) in 2017 receiving concurrent prescriptions for opioid and BZD medications for long‐term use (≥ 3 prescriptions within 90 days). Poisson regression models were used to estimate the marginal adjusted prevalence (adjP) and adjusted prevalence ratios (adjPR) were used to compare concurrent long‐term prescribing according to sociodemographic characteristics, rurality, smoking status, and diagnosis of mental health or musculoskeletal conditions. The sample included 1,207,671 individuals (41.3% males; mean age 50.6 ± 18.6 years) regularly attending 544 general practices. The prevalence of concurrent long‐term opioid and BZD prescribing was 7.0‰, and the median duration of prescribing overlap was 611 days (p25‐p75 348–952). The prevalence was higher for patients aged over 65 years (adjPR = 3.62 95% CI 3.30, 3.98), females (adjPR = 1.33 95% CI 1.27, 1.39), those living in more disadvantaged (adjPR = 1.70 95% CI 1.49, 1.93) or rural/remote areas (adjPR = 1.13 95% CI 1.00, 1.28), smokers (adjPR = 4.10 95% CI 3.87, 4.35), and those with mental health (adjPR = 3.23; 95% CI 2.83, 3.69) or musculoskeletal conditions (adjPR = 2.74; 95% CI 2.47, 3.04). In patients with both mental health and musculoskeletal conditions, the prevalence was 32.1‰. Interventions to reduce concurrent long‐term prescribing could be targeted to the identified vulnerable groups.https://doi.org/10.1002/prp2.70084analgesicsbenzodiazepineselectronic health recordshypnotics and sedativesmental healthmusculoskeletal diseases
spellingShingle Susan Williams
Josie Rositano
Claudia Haeusler
Meghana Bhat
Kimberley Omond
Nigel Stocks
David Gonzalez‐Chica
Concurrent Prescribing of Opioids and Sedative‐Hypnotic Drugs for Long‐Term Use in Australian General Practice: A Cross‐Sectional Analysis Using MedicineInsight
Pharmacology Research & Perspectives
analgesics
benzodiazepines
electronic health records
hypnotics and sedatives
mental health
musculoskeletal diseases
title Concurrent Prescribing of Opioids and Sedative‐Hypnotic Drugs for Long‐Term Use in Australian General Practice: A Cross‐Sectional Analysis Using MedicineInsight
title_full Concurrent Prescribing of Opioids and Sedative‐Hypnotic Drugs for Long‐Term Use in Australian General Practice: A Cross‐Sectional Analysis Using MedicineInsight
title_fullStr Concurrent Prescribing of Opioids and Sedative‐Hypnotic Drugs for Long‐Term Use in Australian General Practice: A Cross‐Sectional Analysis Using MedicineInsight
title_full_unstemmed Concurrent Prescribing of Opioids and Sedative‐Hypnotic Drugs for Long‐Term Use in Australian General Practice: A Cross‐Sectional Analysis Using MedicineInsight
title_short Concurrent Prescribing of Opioids and Sedative‐Hypnotic Drugs for Long‐Term Use in Australian General Practice: A Cross‐Sectional Analysis Using MedicineInsight
title_sort concurrent prescribing of opioids and sedative hypnotic drugs for long term use in australian general practice a cross sectional analysis using medicineinsight
topic analgesics
benzodiazepines
electronic health records
hypnotics and sedatives
mental health
musculoskeletal diseases
url https://doi.org/10.1002/prp2.70084
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