The Effect of Variable Ratios of Na<sub>2</sub>O/K<sub>2</sub>O Oxides in Glazes Containing BaO, ZnO, and ZrO<sub>2</sub>: Structural Analysis, Characteristic Temperatures, and Surface Properties
In this paper, the glazes of a multicomponent system (SiO<sub>2</sub>-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-CaO-MgO-Na<sub>2</sub>O-K<sub>2</sub>O-BaO-ZnO-ZrO<sub>2</sub>) were examined. This work focuses on five glazes and the difference...
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| author | Janusz Partyka Dawid Kozień Katarzyna Pasiut |
| author_facet | Janusz Partyka Dawid Kozień Katarzyna Pasiut |
| author_sort | Janusz Partyka |
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| description | In this paper, the glazes of a multicomponent system (SiO<sub>2</sub>-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-CaO-MgO-Na<sub>2</sub>O-K<sub>2</sub>O-BaO-ZnO-ZrO<sub>2</sub>) were examined. This work focuses on five glazes and the difference between them as the molar ratio of the alkali oxides Na<sub>2</sub>O/K<sub>2</sub>O. Analysis of fired glazes focused on changes in phase composition (qualitative and quantitative) microstructure performed during observations made by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The changing molar ratios were also studied in the structure analysis based on the result of data obtained by middle infrared (MIR) and Raman spectroscopy. The characteristic temperatures of the analyzed glazes were also designated using high-stage microscopy. Surface properties such as the color and roughness of the fired glazes were measured by means of a spectrometer and confocal microscopy as well. The amount and type of crystalline phases with the molar ratio of alkali oxides in the analyzed glazes were changed. In the glazes, the crystalline phase of a solid solution of plagioclase was obtained. The results obtained indicate that glazes with a predominant potassium oxide are characterized by lower characteristic temperatures and greater surface smoothness. Structure analysis indicates a different role for the five-molar ratio of Na<sub>2</sub>O/K<sub>2</sub>O. |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| spelling | doaj-art-e490e51164f3477691712794c22e31b62025-01-24T13:20:16ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-01-0115264810.3390/app15020648The Effect of Variable Ratios of Na<sub>2</sub>O/K<sub>2</sub>O Oxides in Glazes Containing BaO, ZnO, and ZrO<sub>2</sub>: Structural Analysis, Characteristic Temperatures, and Surface PropertiesJanusz Partyka0Dawid Kozień1Katarzyna Pasiut2Faculty of Materials Science and Technology, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiweicza 30 Av., 30-059 Krakow, PolandFaculty of Materials Science and Technology, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiweicza 30 Av., 30-059 Krakow, PolandFaculty of Materials Science and Technology, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiweicza 30 Av., 30-059 Krakow, PolandIn this paper, the glazes of a multicomponent system (SiO<sub>2</sub>-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-CaO-MgO-Na<sub>2</sub>O-K<sub>2</sub>O-BaO-ZnO-ZrO<sub>2</sub>) were examined. This work focuses on five glazes and the difference between them as the molar ratio of the alkali oxides Na<sub>2</sub>O/K<sub>2</sub>O. Analysis of fired glazes focused on changes in phase composition (qualitative and quantitative) microstructure performed during observations made by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The changing molar ratios were also studied in the structure analysis based on the result of data obtained by middle infrared (MIR) and Raman spectroscopy. The characteristic temperatures of the analyzed glazes were also designated using high-stage microscopy. Surface properties such as the color and roughness of the fired glazes were measured by means of a spectrometer and confocal microscopy as well. The amount and type of crystalline phases with the molar ratio of alkali oxides in the analyzed glazes were changed. In the glazes, the crystalline phase of a solid solution of plagioclase was obtained. The results obtained indicate that glazes with a predominant potassium oxide are characterized by lower characteristic temperatures and greater surface smoothness. Structure analysis indicates a different role for the five-molar ratio of Na<sub>2</sub>O/K<sub>2</sub>O.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/2/648ceramic glazesRaman spectroscopyMIR spectroscopy |
| spellingShingle | Janusz Partyka Dawid Kozień Katarzyna Pasiut The Effect of Variable Ratios of Na<sub>2</sub>O/K<sub>2</sub>O Oxides in Glazes Containing BaO, ZnO, and ZrO<sub>2</sub>: Structural Analysis, Characteristic Temperatures, and Surface Properties Applied Sciences ceramic glazes Raman spectroscopy MIR spectroscopy |
| title | The Effect of Variable Ratios of Na<sub>2</sub>O/K<sub>2</sub>O Oxides in Glazes Containing BaO, ZnO, and ZrO<sub>2</sub>: Structural Analysis, Characteristic Temperatures, and Surface Properties |
| title_full | The Effect of Variable Ratios of Na<sub>2</sub>O/K<sub>2</sub>O Oxides in Glazes Containing BaO, ZnO, and ZrO<sub>2</sub>: Structural Analysis, Characteristic Temperatures, and Surface Properties |
| title_fullStr | The Effect of Variable Ratios of Na<sub>2</sub>O/K<sub>2</sub>O Oxides in Glazes Containing BaO, ZnO, and ZrO<sub>2</sub>: Structural Analysis, Characteristic Temperatures, and Surface Properties |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effect of Variable Ratios of Na<sub>2</sub>O/K<sub>2</sub>O Oxides in Glazes Containing BaO, ZnO, and ZrO<sub>2</sub>: Structural Analysis, Characteristic Temperatures, and Surface Properties |
| title_short | The Effect of Variable Ratios of Na<sub>2</sub>O/K<sub>2</sub>O Oxides in Glazes Containing BaO, ZnO, and ZrO<sub>2</sub>: Structural Analysis, Characteristic Temperatures, and Surface Properties |
| title_sort | effect of variable ratios of na sub 2 sub o k sub 2 sub o oxides in glazes containing bao zno and zro sub 2 sub structural analysis characteristic temperatures and surface properties |
| topic | ceramic glazes Raman spectroscopy MIR spectroscopy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/2/648 |
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