Impact of Tung oil on a sustainable bio-based polymer, and development by zinc oxide nanoparticles
Abstract The use of natural and bio-based materials instead of petrochemicals is strongly recommended for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Here we aim to promote the environmentally friendly bio-based polyester (P), prepared from biomass, with natural Tung oil (TO) plasticizer and zinc oxide nanop...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-05-01
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| author | Hamdy M. Naguib |
| author_facet | Hamdy M. Naguib |
| author_sort | Hamdy M. Naguib |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The use of natural and bio-based materials instead of petrochemicals is strongly recommended for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Here we aim to promote the environmentally friendly bio-based polyester (P), prepared from biomass, with natural Tung oil (TO) plasticizer and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) filler by 10–50%, and 3% to get a sustainable nanocomposite. The grafting altered the profile of neat P. Owing to insufficient contents, low concentrations have a slight impact, and high concentrations have more enhancements. The physical properties accompanied by curing of P/TO copolymer showed a decrease in viscosity, gelation time, and gelation-curing period for TO-based specimens, besides the lower heat emission during curing reaction, compared with that of P, by 3.4% and 4%, respectively, for P/TO-40 and P/TO-50 copolymers. The stability against exudation was promoted by 48.6%, where all concentrations of composites are more stable than P. P/TO-40 and P/TO-50 improved creep resistance by 62% and 88.1%, respectively, due to the stable surfaces. Furthermore, P/TO-50 concentration reduced hardness by 25%, but it was improved by ZnO NPs by 46.7%. Both TO plasticizer and nanofiller make the polymer capable of absorbing the flexural loading as a toughened composite. The proposed composites provide positive effects on the thermal behavior. Particularly, the P/TO-50 formula decreased the value of tan Delta by 35.5%; all composites increased T g as well. The obtained data-results and SEM photos confirm the grafting and good distribution of TO plasticizer and ZnO NPs into P matrix through an improved and stable homogeneous bio-based polymer nanocomposite. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e46edfb841934d96813e778f357ceb4e |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-e46edfb841934d96813e778f357ceb4e2025-08-20T03:22:02ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-0115111310.1038/s41598-025-99556-xImpact of Tung oil on a sustainable bio-based polymer, and development by zinc oxide nanoparticlesHamdy M. Naguib0Department of Petroleum Applications, Egyptian Petroleum Research Institute (EPRI)Abstract The use of natural and bio-based materials instead of petrochemicals is strongly recommended for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Here we aim to promote the environmentally friendly bio-based polyester (P), prepared from biomass, with natural Tung oil (TO) plasticizer and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) filler by 10–50%, and 3% to get a sustainable nanocomposite. The grafting altered the profile of neat P. Owing to insufficient contents, low concentrations have a slight impact, and high concentrations have more enhancements. The physical properties accompanied by curing of P/TO copolymer showed a decrease in viscosity, gelation time, and gelation-curing period for TO-based specimens, besides the lower heat emission during curing reaction, compared with that of P, by 3.4% and 4%, respectively, for P/TO-40 and P/TO-50 copolymers. The stability against exudation was promoted by 48.6%, where all concentrations of composites are more stable than P. P/TO-40 and P/TO-50 improved creep resistance by 62% and 88.1%, respectively, due to the stable surfaces. Furthermore, P/TO-50 concentration reduced hardness by 25%, but it was improved by ZnO NPs by 46.7%. Both TO plasticizer and nanofiller make the polymer capable of absorbing the flexural loading as a toughened composite. The proposed composites provide positive effects on the thermal behavior. Particularly, the P/TO-50 formula decreased the value of tan Delta by 35.5%; all composites increased T g as well. The obtained data-results and SEM photos confirm the grafting and good distribution of TO plasticizer and ZnO NPs into P matrix through an improved and stable homogeneous bio-based polymer nanocomposite.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-99556-xTung oilPolyesterSolid wasteZinc oxide nanoparticles |
| spellingShingle | Hamdy M. Naguib Impact of Tung oil on a sustainable bio-based polymer, and development by zinc oxide nanoparticles Scientific Reports Tung oil Polyester Solid waste Zinc oxide nanoparticles |
| title | Impact of Tung oil on a sustainable bio-based polymer, and development by zinc oxide nanoparticles |
| title_full | Impact of Tung oil on a sustainable bio-based polymer, and development by zinc oxide nanoparticles |
| title_fullStr | Impact of Tung oil on a sustainable bio-based polymer, and development by zinc oxide nanoparticles |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of Tung oil on a sustainable bio-based polymer, and development by zinc oxide nanoparticles |
| title_short | Impact of Tung oil on a sustainable bio-based polymer, and development by zinc oxide nanoparticles |
| title_sort | impact of tung oil on a sustainable bio based polymer and development by zinc oxide nanoparticles |
| topic | Tung oil Polyester Solid waste Zinc oxide nanoparticles |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-99556-x |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hamdymnaguib impactoftungoilonasustainablebiobasedpolymeranddevelopmentbyzincoxidenanoparticles |