Influence of Carbon Dioxide on the Glass Transition of Styrenic and Vinyl Pyridine Polymers: Comparison of Calorimetric, Creep, and Rheological Experiments
The glass transition of amorphous polymers determines the mobility of polymer chains and the time scale of relaxation processes. The glass transition temperature is reduced by the presence of low molecular weight molecules, e.g., dissolved gases or organic solvents. The quantitative knowledge of red...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Advances in Polymer Technology |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5602902 |
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| author | Felix Harden Mahboubeh Kargar Ulrich A. Handge |
| author_facet | Felix Harden Mahboubeh Kargar Ulrich A. Handge |
| author_sort | Felix Harden |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The glass transition of amorphous polymers determines the mobility of polymer chains and the time scale of relaxation processes. The glass transition temperature is reduced by the presence of low molecular weight molecules, e.g., dissolved gases or organic solvents. The quantitative knowledge of reduction of the glass transition temperature caused by the addition of carbon dioxide in a polymer melt is highly relevant for foam extrusion. However, measurement of the reduction of glass transition temperature caused by gas loading has to be performed under elevated pressure which implies high experimental efforts. In this work, we discuss and compare three methods for determination of the influence of carbon dioxide on thermal properties of amorphous polymers, i.e., calorimetric measurements, creep tests, and rheological experiments. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods are elucidated. Furthermore, the influence of molecular structure of the styrenic and vinylpyridine polymers on the glass transition temperature is discussed. Polystyrene generally shows the highest reduction of glass transition temperature. Poly(2-vinylpyridine) and poly(4-vinylpyridine) show a slightly less pronounced behaviour in comparison to polystyrene because of the lower polarity of polystyrene. Poly(α-methyl styrene) is associated with a different dependence of glass transition temperature on gas loading in calorimetric and rheological experiments. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e427cdc0b7e7463ca9e2e2e3e5db1475 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1098-2329 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Advances in Polymer Technology |
| spelling | doaj-art-e427cdc0b7e7463ca9e2e2e3e5db14752025-08-20T03:26:25ZengWileyAdvances in Polymer Technology1098-23292022-01-01202210.1155/2022/5602902Influence of Carbon Dioxide on the Glass Transition of Styrenic and Vinyl Pyridine Polymers: Comparison of Calorimetric, Creep, and Rheological ExperimentsFelix Harden0Mahboubeh Kargar1Ulrich A. Handge2Helmholtz-Zentrum HereonHelmholtz-Zentrum HereonHelmholtz-Zentrum HereonThe glass transition of amorphous polymers determines the mobility of polymer chains and the time scale of relaxation processes. The glass transition temperature is reduced by the presence of low molecular weight molecules, e.g., dissolved gases or organic solvents. The quantitative knowledge of reduction of the glass transition temperature caused by the addition of carbon dioxide in a polymer melt is highly relevant for foam extrusion. However, measurement of the reduction of glass transition temperature caused by gas loading has to be performed under elevated pressure which implies high experimental efforts. In this work, we discuss and compare three methods for determination of the influence of carbon dioxide on thermal properties of amorphous polymers, i.e., calorimetric measurements, creep tests, and rheological experiments. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods are elucidated. Furthermore, the influence of molecular structure of the styrenic and vinylpyridine polymers on the glass transition temperature is discussed. Polystyrene generally shows the highest reduction of glass transition temperature. Poly(2-vinylpyridine) and poly(4-vinylpyridine) show a slightly less pronounced behaviour in comparison to polystyrene because of the lower polarity of polystyrene. Poly(α-methyl styrene) is associated with a different dependence of glass transition temperature on gas loading in calorimetric and rheological experiments.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5602902 |
| spellingShingle | Felix Harden Mahboubeh Kargar Ulrich A. Handge Influence of Carbon Dioxide on the Glass Transition of Styrenic and Vinyl Pyridine Polymers: Comparison of Calorimetric, Creep, and Rheological Experiments Advances in Polymer Technology |
| title | Influence of Carbon Dioxide on the Glass Transition of Styrenic and Vinyl Pyridine Polymers: Comparison of Calorimetric, Creep, and Rheological Experiments |
| title_full | Influence of Carbon Dioxide on the Glass Transition of Styrenic and Vinyl Pyridine Polymers: Comparison of Calorimetric, Creep, and Rheological Experiments |
| title_fullStr | Influence of Carbon Dioxide on the Glass Transition of Styrenic and Vinyl Pyridine Polymers: Comparison of Calorimetric, Creep, and Rheological Experiments |
| title_full_unstemmed | Influence of Carbon Dioxide on the Glass Transition of Styrenic and Vinyl Pyridine Polymers: Comparison of Calorimetric, Creep, and Rheological Experiments |
| title_short | Influence of Carbon Dioxide on the Glass Transition of Styrenic and Vinyl Pyridine Polymers: Comparison of Calorimetric, Creep, and Rheological Experiments |
| title_sort | influence of carbon dioxide on the glass transition of styrenic and vinyl pyridine polymers comparison of calorimetric creep and rheological experiments |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5602902 |
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