Energy-Efficient Wireless Multimedia Sensor Nodes for Plant Proximal Monitoring
The paper presents a double-radio wireless multimedia sensor node (WMSN) with a camera on board, designed for plant proximal monitoring. Camera sensor nodes represent an effective solution to monitor the crop at the leaf or fruit scale, with details that cannot be retrieved with the same precision t...
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/24/8088 |
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| author | Daniele Trinchero Giovanni Paolo Colucci Elena Filipescu Ussama Syed Muhammad Zafar Paola Battilani |
| author_facet | Daniele Trinchero Giovanni Paolo Colucci Elena Filipescu Ussama Syed Muhammad Zafar Paola Battilani |
| author_sort | Daniele Trinchero |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The paper presents a double-radio wireless multimedia sensor node (WMSN) with a camera on board, designed for plant proximal monitoring. Camera sensor nodes represent an effective solution to monitor the crop at the leaf or fruit scale, with details that cannot be retrieved with the same precision through satellites or unnamed aerial vehicles (UAVs). From the technological point of view, WMSNs are characterized by very different requirements, compared to standard wireless sensor nodes; in particular, the network data rate results in higher energy consumption and incompatibility with the usage of battery-powered devices. Avoiding energy harvesters allows for device miniaturization and, consequently, application flexibility, even for small plants. To do this, the proposed node has been implemented with two radios, with different roles. A GPRS modem has been exclusively implemented for image transmission, while all other tasks, including node monitoring and camera control, are performed by a LoRaWAN class A end-node that connects every 10 min. Via the LoRaWAN downlink, it is possible to efficiently control the camera settings; the shooting times and periodicity, according to weather conditions; the eventual farming operations; the crop growth stages and the season. The node energy consumption has been verified in the laboratory and in the field, showing that it is possible to acquire one picture per day for more than eight months without any energy harvester, opening up further possible implementations for disease detection and production optimization. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e421d0a73d404cc8a6e370a67f3bcfbb |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj-art-e421d0a73d404cc8a6e370a67f3bcfbb2025-08-20T02:56:58ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202024-12-012424808810.3390/s24248088Energy-Efficient Wireless Multimedia Sensor Nodes for Plant Proximal MonitoringDaniele Trinchero0Giovanni Paolo Colucci1Elena Filipescu2Ussama Syed Muhammad Zafar3Paola Battilani4iXem Labs, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications (DET), Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, ItalyiXem Labs, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications (DET), Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, ItalyiXem Labs, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications (DET), Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, ItalyiXem Labs, Department of Electronics and Telecommunications (DET), Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, ItalyDepartment of Sustainable Crop Production (DI.PRO.VE.S.), Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 29122 Piacenza, ItalyThe paper presents a double-radio wireless multimedia sensor node (WMSN) with a camera on board, designed for plant proximal monitoring. Camera sensor nodes represent an effective solution to monitor the crop at the leaf or fruit scale, with details that cannot be retrieved with the same precision through satellites or unnamed aerial vehicles (UAVs). From the technological point of view, WMSNs are characterized by very different requirements, compared to standard wireless sensor nodes; in particular, the network data rate results in higher energy consumption and incompatibility with the usage of battery-powered devices. Avoiding energy harvesters allows for device miniaturization and, consequently, application flexibility, even for small plants. To do this, the proposed node has been implemented with two radios, with different roles. A GPRS modem has been exclusively implemented for image transmission, while all other tasks, including node monitoring and camera control, are performed by a LoRaWAN class A end-node that connects every 10 min. Via the LoRaWAN downlink, it is possible to efficiently control the camera settings; the shooting times and periodicity, according to weather conditions; the eventual farming operations; the crop growth stages and the season. The node energy consumption has been verified in the laboratory and in the field, showing that it is possible to acquire one picture per day for more than eight months without any energy harvester, opening up further possible implementations for disease detection and production optimization.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/24/8088wireless multimedia sensor networkscamera wireless nodesplant disease monitoringLP-WANLoRaLoRaWAN |
| spellingShingle | Daniele Trinchero Giovanni Paolo Colucci Elena Filipescu Ussama Syed Muhammad Zafar Paola Battilani Energy-Efficient Wireless Multimedia Sensor Nodes for Plant Proximal Monitoring Sensors wireless multimedia sensor networks camera wireless nodes plant disease monitoring LP-WAN LoRa LoRaWAN |
| title | Energy-Efficient Wireless Multimedia Sensor Nodes for Plant Proximal Monitoring |
| title_full | Energy-Efficient Wireless Multimedia Sensor Nodes for Plant Proximal Monitoring |
| title_fullStr | Energy-Efficient Wireless Multimedia Sensor Nodes for Plant Proximal Monitoring |
| title_full_unstemmed | Energy-Efficient Wireless Multimedia Sensor Nodes for Plant Proximal Monitoring |
| title_short | Energy-Efficient Wireless Multimedia Sensor Nodes for Plant Proximal Monitoring |
| title_sort | energy efficient wireless multimedia sensor nodes for plant proximal monitoring |
| topic | wireless multimedia sensor networks camera wireless nodes plant disease monitoring LP-WAN LoRa LoRaWAN |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/24/8088 |
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