A study on the status of myopia and pre-myopia among primary school students in different regions of Shaanxi Province, China
ObjectiveThis cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the geographic disparities in myopia and pre-myopia prevalence among elementary school students across three distinct regions of Shaanxi Province (southern Hanzhong, Guanzhong, and northern Yulin) to inform region-specific myopia control strat...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Pediatrics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2025.1596389/full |
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| author | Dong Wei Dong Wei Li Yangbing Liu Chengfei Liu Chengfei Zhang Ye Zhang Ye Wang Zihao Wang Zihao Li Yanying Li Yanying He Xiaokang He Xiaokang Fu Kunlin Du Zhaojiang |
| author_facet | Dong Wei Dong Wei Li Yangbing Liu Chengfei Liu Chengfei Zhang Ye Zhang Ye Wang Zihao Wang Zihao Li Yanying Li Yanying He Xiaokang He Xiaokang Fu Kunlin Du Zhaojiang |
| author_sort | Dong Wei |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ObjectiveThis cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the geographic disparities in myopia and pre-myopia prevalence among elementary school students across three distinct regions of Shaanxi Province (southern Hanzhong, Guanzhong, and northern Yulin) to inform region-specific myopia control strategies.MethodsFrom March to May 2024, we employed multistage cluster sampling to recruit 8,207 eligible students (2,724 southern Shaanxi, 2,761 Guanzhong, 2,722 northern Shaanxi) from 12 randomly selected primary schools. Comprehensive ophthalmic examinations including uncorrected visual acuity and non-cycloplegic autorefraction were conducted. Continuous variables were expressed as mean ± standard deviation, while categorical variables were analyzed using chi-square tests.ResultsAge-standardized myopia prevalence was highest in northern Shaanxi (48.02%), followed by central Shaanxi/Guanzhong (42.96%) and southern Shaanxi (30.43%). Gender disparities persisted across all regions, with female students exhibiting significantly elevated myopia rates (southern Shaanxi: 34.00% vs. 26.91%; Guanzhong: 48.02% vs. 37.99%; northern Shaanxi: 52.54% vs. 44.13%; P < 0.05 for all comparisons). Pre-myopia prevalence displayed an inverse geographic pattern (southern Shaanxi: 40.60% > Guanzhong: 34.19% > northern Shaanxi: 33.73%; χ2 = 185.3, P < 0.001), with male students consistently showing higher pre-myopia detection rates than females (southern Shaanxi: 42.45% vs. 38.73%; Guanzhong 38.28% vs. 30.01%; northern Shaanxi: 37.64% vs. 29.17%; P < 0.05). A marked grade-level progression was observed, with myopia prevalence increasing annually while pre-myopia rates declined significantly.ConclusionOur findings reveal a north–south gradient in ocular health outcomes, with northern Shaanxi demonstrating concerningly high myopia prevalence coupled with reduced pre-myopia detection rates. The persistent female predominance in myopia burden and early detection gaps underscores the need for gender-sensitive interventions. The observed progression patterns suggest critical windows for prevention, advocating for: (1) Preschool-initiated vision protection programs, (2) Establishment of digital refractive registries for high-risk cohorts, and (3) Implementation of regionally tailored myopia control protocols prioritizing northern districts. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e41a7ef74c324483be2ef2b4e0ef1089 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2296-2360 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Pediatrics |
| spelling | doaj-art-e41a7ef74c324483be2ef2b4e0ef10892025-08-20T02:33:00ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pediatrics2296-23602025-06-011310.3389/fped.2025.15963891596389A study on the status of myopia and pre-myopia among primary school students in different regions of Shaanxi Province, ChinaDong Wei0Dong Wei1Li Yangbing2Liu Chengfei3Liu Chengfei4Zhang Ye5Zhang Ye6Wang Zihao7Wang Zihao8Li Yanying9Li Yanying10He Xiaokang11He Xiaokang12Fu Kunlin13Du Zhaojiang14Department of Ophthalmology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, ChinaDepartment of Urology, Xi'an Daxing Hospital, Xi'an, Shaanxi, ChinaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, ChinaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, ChinaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, ChinaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, ChinaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Medicine, Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, ChinaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Dingbian County, Yulin, Shaanxi, ChinaDepartment of Ophthalmology, Xi'an Central Hospital, Xi'an, ChinaObjectiveThis cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the geographic disparities in myopia and pre-myopia prevalence among elementary school students across three distinct regions of Shaanxi Province (southern Hanzhong, Guanzhong, and northern Yulin) to inform region-specific myopia control strategies.MethodsFrom March to May 2024, we employed multistage cluster sampling to recruit 8,207 eligible students (2,724 southern Shaanxi, 2,761 Guanzhong, 2,722 northern Shaanxi) from 12 randomly selected primary schools. Comprehensive ophthalmic examinations including uncorrected visual acuity and non-cycloplegic autorefraction were conducted. Continuous variables were expressed as mean ± standard deviation, while categorical variables were analyzed using chi-square tests.ResultsAge-standardized myopia prevalence was highest in northern Shaanxi (48.02%), followed by central Shaanxi/Guanzhong (42.96%) and southern Shaanxi (30.43%). Gender disparities persisted across all regions, with female students exhibiting significantly elevated myopia rates (southern Shaanxi: 34.00% vs. 26.91%; Guanzhong: 48.02% vs. 37.99%; northern Shaanxi: 52.54% vs. 44.13%; P < 0.05 for all comparisons). Pre-myopia prevalence displayed an inverse geographic pattern (southern Shaanxi: 40.60% > Guanzhong: 34.19% > northern Shaanxi: 33.73%; χ2 = 185.3, P < 0.001), with male students consistently showing higher pre-myopia detection rates than females (southern Shaanxi: 42.45% vs. 38.73%; Guanzhong 38.28% vs. 30.01%; northern Shaanxi: 37.64% vs. 29.17%; P < 0.05). A marked grade-level progression was observed, with myopia prevalence increasing annually while pre-myopia rates declined significantly.ConclusionOur findings reveal a north–south gradient in ocular health outcomes, with northern Shaanxi demonstrating concerningly high myopia prevalence coupled with reduced pre-myopia detection rates. The persistent female predominance in myopia burden and early detection gaps underscores the need for gender-sensitive interventions. The observed progression patterns suggest critical windows for prevention, advocating for: (1) Preschool-initiated vision protection programs, (2) Establishment of digital refractive registries for high-risk cohorts, and (3) Implementation of regionally tailored myopia control protocols prioritizing northern districts.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2025.1596389/fullmyopia epidemiologypre-myopiaschool-age childrengeographic disparityrefractive errorChina |
| spellingShingle | Dong Wei Dong Wei Li Yangbing Liu Chengfei Liu Chengfei Zhang Ye Zhang Ye Wang Zihao Wang Zihao Li Yanying Li Yanying He Xiaokang He Xiaokang Fu Kunlin Du Zhaojiang A study on the status of myopia and pre-myopia among primary school students in different regions of Shaanxi Province, China Frontiers in Pediatrics myopia epidemiology pre-myopia school-age children geographic disparity refractive error China |
| title | A study on the status of myopia and pre-myopia among primary school students in different regions of Shaanxi Province, China |
| title_full | A study on the status of myopia and pre-myopia among primary school students in different regions of Shaanxi Province, China |
| title_fullStr | A study on the status of myopia and pre-myopia among primary school students in different regions of Shaanxi Province, China |
| title_full_unstemmed | A study on the status of myopia and pre-myopia among primary school students in different regions of Shaanxi Province, China |
| title_short | A study on the status of myopia and pre-myopia among primary school students in different regions of Shaanxi Province, China |
| title_sort | study on the status of myopia and pre myopia among primary school students in different regions of shaanxi province china |
| topic | myopia epidemiology pre-myopia school-age children geographic disparity refractive error China |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2025.1596389/full |
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