Reversible Image Watermarking Using Modified Quadratic Difference Expansion and Hybrid Optimization Technique

With increasing copyright violation cases, watermarking of digital images is a very popular solution for securing online media content. Since some sensitive applications require image recovery after watermark extraction, reversible watermarking is widely preferred. This article introduces a Modified...

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Main Authors: H. R. Lakshmi, Surekha Borra
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Universidad Internacional de La Rioja (UNIR) 2025-06-01
Series:International Journal of Interactive Multimedia and Artificial Intelligence
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.ijimai.org/journal/bibcite/reference/3361
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author H. R. Lakshmi
Surekha Borra
author_facet H. R. Lakshmi
Surekha Borra
author_sort H. R. Lakshmi
collection DOAJ
description With increasing copyright violation cases, watermarking of digital images is a very popular solution for securing online media content. Since some sensitive applications require image recovery after watermark extraction, reversible watermarking is widely preferred. This article introduces a Modified Quadratic Difference Expansion (MQDE) and fractal encryption-based reversible watermarking for securing the copyrights of images. First, fractal encryption is applied to watermarks using Tromino's L-shaped theorem to improve security. In addition, Cuckoo Search-Grey Wolf Optimization (CSGWO) is enforced on the cover image to optimize block allocation for inserting an encrypted watermark such that it greatly increases its invisibility. While the developed MQDE technique helps to improve coverage and visual quality, the novel data-driven distortion control unit ensures optimal performance. The suggested approach provides the highest level of protection when retrieving the secret image and original cover image without losing the essential information, apart from improving transparency and capacity without much tradeoff. The simulation results of this approach are superior to existing methods in terms of embedding capacity. With an average PSNR of 67 dB, the method shows good imperceptibility in comparison to other schemes.
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spelling doaj-art-e416b10654dd4c5eaac0a61c74d3300a2025-08-20T03:33:32ZengUniversidad Internacional de La Rioja (UNIR)International Journal of Interactive Multimedia and Artificial Intelligence1989-16602025-06-019314115410.9781/ijimai.2023.08.002ijimai.2023.08.002Reversible Image Watermarking Using Modified Quadratic Difference Expansion and Hybrid Optimization TechniqueH. R. LakshmiSurekha BorraWith increasing copyright violation cases, watermarking of digital images is a very popular solution for securing online media content. Since some sensitive applications require image recovery after watermark extraction, reversible watermarking is widely preferred. This article introduces a Modified Quadratic Difference Expansion (MQDE) and fractal encryption-based reversible watermarking for securing the copyrights of images. First, fractal encryption is applied to watermarks using Tromino's L-shaped theorem to improve security. In addition, Cuckoo Search-Grey Wolf Optimization (CSGWO) is enforced on the cover image to optimize block allocation for inserting an encrypted watermark such that it greatly increases its invisibility. While the developed MQDE technique helps to improve coverage and visual quality, the novel data-driven distortion control unit ensures optimal performance. The suggested approach provides the highest level of protection when retrieving the secret image and original cover image without losing the essential information, apart from improving transparency and capacity without much tradeoff. The simulation results of this approach are superior to existing methods in terms of embedding capacity. With an average PSNR of 67 dB, the method shows good imperceptibility in comparison to other schemes.https://www.ijimai.org/journal/bibcite/reference/3361searchfractal theorygrey wolf optimizationsecuritywatermarking
spellingShingle H. R. Lakshmi
Surekha Borra
Reversible Image Watermarking Using Modified Quadratic Difference Expansion and Hybrid Optimization Technique
International Journal of Interactive Multimedia and Artificial Intelligence
search
fractal theory
grey wolf optimization
security
watermarking
title Reversible Image Watermarking Using Modified Quadratic Difference Expansion and Hybrid Optimization Technique
title_full Reversible Image Watermarking Using Modified Quadratic Difference Expansion and Hybrid Optimization Technique
title_fullStr Reversible Image Watermarking Using Modified Quadratic Difference Expansion and Hybrid Optimization Technique
title_full_unstemmed Reversible Image Watermarking Using Modified Quadratic Difference Expansion and Hybrid Optimization Technique
title_short Reversible Image Watermarking Using Modified Quadratic Difference Expansion and Hybrid Optimization Technique
title_sort reversible image watermarking using modified quadratic difference expansion and hybrid optimization technique
topic search
fractal theory
grey wolf optimization
security
watermarking
url https://www.ijimai.org/journal/bibcite/reference/3361
work_keys_str_mv AT hrlakshmi reversibleimagewatermarkingusingmodifiedquadraticdifferenceexpansionandhybridoptimizationtechnique
AT surekhaborra reversibleimagewatermarkingusingmodifiedquadraticdifferenceexpansionandhybridoptimizationtechnique