Reversible Image Watermarking Using Modified Quadratic Difference Expansion and Hybrid Optimization Technique
With increasing copyright violation cases, watermarking of digital images is a very popular solution for securing online media content. Since some sensitive applications require image recovery after watermark extraction, reversible watermarking is widely preferred. This article introduces a Modified...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Universidad Internacional de La Rioja (UNIR)
2025-06-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Interactive Multimedia and Artificial Intelligence |
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| Online Access: | https://www.ijimai.org/journal/bibcite/reference/3361 |
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| author | H. R. Lakshmi Surekha Borra |
| author_facet | H. R. Lakshmi Surekha Borra |
| author_sort | H. R. Lakshmi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | With increasing copyright violation cases, watermarking of digital images is a very popular solution for securing online media content. Since some sensitive applications require image recovery after watermark extraction, reversible watermarking is widely preferred. This article introduces a Modified Quadratic Difference Expansion (MQDE) and fractal encryption-based reversible watermarking for securing the copyrights of images. First, fractal encryption is applied to watermarks using Tromino's L-shaped theorem to improve security. In addition, Cuckoo Search-Grey Wolf Optimization (CSGWO) is enforced on the cover image to optimize block allocation for inserting an encrypted watermark such that it greatly increases its invisibility. While the developed MQDE technique helps to improve coverage and visual quality, the novel data-driven distortion control unit ensures optimal performance. The suggested approach provides the highest level of protection when retrieving the secret image and original cover image without losing the essential information, apart from improving transparency and capacity without much tradeoff. The simulation results of this approach are superior to existing methods in terms of embedding capacity. With an average PSNR of 67 dB, the method shows good imperceptibility in comparison to other schemes. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e416b10654dd4c5eaac0a61c74d3300a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1989-1660 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Universidad Internacional de La Rioja (UNIR) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Interactive Multimedia and Artificial Intelligence |
| spelling | doaj-art-e416b10654dd4c5eaac0a61c74d3300a2025-08-20T03:33:32ZengUniversidad Internacional de La Rioja (UNIR)International Journal of Interactive Multimedia and Artificial Intelligence1989-16602025-06-019314115410.9781/ijimai.2023.08.002ijimai.2023.08.002Reversible Image Watermarking Using Modified Quadratic Difference Expansion and Hybrid Optimization TechniqueH. R. LakshmiSurekha BorraWith increasing copyright violation cases, watermarking of digital images is a very popular solution for securing online media content. Since some sensitive applications require image recovery after watermark extraction, reversible watermarking is widely preferred. This article introduces a Modified Quadratic Difference Expansion (MQDE) and fractal encryption-based reversible watermarking for securing the copyrights of images. First, fractal encryption is applied to watermarks using Tromino's L-shaped theorem to improve security. In addition, Cuckoo Search-Grey Wolf Optimization (CSGWO) is enforced on the cover image to optimize block allocation for inserting an encrypted watermark such that it greatly increases its invisibility. While the developed MQDE technique helps to improve coverage and visual quality, the novel data-driven distortion control unit ensures optimal performance. The suggested approach provides the highest level of protection when retrieving the secret image and original cover image without losing the essential information, apart from improving transparency and capacity without much tradeoff. The simulation results of this approach are superior to existing methods in terms of embedding capacity. With an average PSNR of 67 dB, the method shows good imperceptibility in comparison to other schemes.https://www.ijimai.org/journal/bibcite/reference/3361searchfractal theorygrey wolf optimizationsecuritywatermarking |
| spellingShingle | H. R. Lakshmi Surekha Borra Reversible Image Watermarking Using Modified Quadratic Difference Expansion and Hybrid Optimization Technique International Journal of Interactive Multimedia and Artificial Intelligence search fractal theory grey wolf optimization security watermarking |
| title | Reversible Image Watermarking Using Modified Quadratic Difference Expansion and Hybrid Optimization Technique |
| title_full | Reversible Image Watermarking Using Modified Quadratic Difference Expansion and Hybrid Optimization Technique |
| title_fullStr | Reversible Image Watermarking Using Modified Quadratic Difference Expansion and Hybrid Optimization Technique |
| title_full_unstemmed | Reversible Image Watermarking Using Modified Quadratic Difference Expansion and Hybrid Optimization Technique |
| title_short | Reversible Image Watermarking Using Modified Quadratic Difference Expansion and Hybrid Optimization Technique |
| title_sort | reversible image watermarking using modified quadratic difference expansion and hybrid optimization technique |
| topic | search fractal theory grey wolf optimization security watermarking |
| url | https://www.ijimai.org/journal/bibcite/reference/3361 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT hrlakshmi reversibleimagewatermarkingusingmodifiedquadraticdifferenceexpansionandhybridoptimizationtechnique AT surekhaborra reversibleimagewatermarkingusingmodifiedquadraticdifferenceexpansionandhybridoptimizationtechnique |