Identification of the Bovine <i>CSN3</i> Core Promoter Region and the Relationships Between <i>CSN3</i> Promoter Polymorphisms and the <i>CSN3</i> A and B Alleles

Identification of the Bovine <i>CSN3</i> Core Promoter Region and the Relationships Between <i>CSN3</i> Promoter Polymorphisms and the <i>CSN3</i> A and B Alleles

Reportedly, the number of κ-casein (κ-CN) B alleles increases the proportion of κ-CN to total protein and the κ-CN content. This phenomenon is caused by single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter region of <i>CSN3</i>, which encodes the B variant. Therefore, a series of 5′-de...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Wenqing Li, Xiaoyang Wang, Xiuyang Xu, Pinhui Wu, Tong Fu, Liyang Zhang, Tengyun Gao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Animals
Subjects:
<i>CSN3</i>
promoter
polymorphism
allele
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/2/134
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Reportedly, the number of κ-casein (κ-CN) B alleles increases the proportion of κ-CN to total protein and the κ-CN content. This phenomenon is caused by single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the promoter region of <i>CSN3</i>, which encodes the B variant. Therefore, a series of 5′-deleted promoter plasmids were constructed to define the core promoter of <i>CSN3</i>. The promoter activity was analyzed by comparing the luciferase activity among the recombinant vectors with truncated promoters. No mutation occurred in the core promoter region (5′-ctatcgtcagatctttcctttctgtcatcttcctattggtg-3′) of <i>CSN3</i> in 40 cows. A 2092 bp promoter region of <i>CSN3</i> was re-sequenced for detection, and nine variants were found, of which only three variants had mutation frequencies > 40%, which were −1002T>−, −1654T>A, and −2039T>G. The <i>CSN3</i> promoter polymorphisms did not correlate with the <i>CSN3</i> A and B alleles according to the Pearson’s chi-square test (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Moreover, the luciferase activity analysis of the <i>CSN3</i> promoter showed no difference among pGL3 recombinants with different polymorphic <i>CSN3</i> promoters (<i>p</i> > 0.05). In the genetic selection of dairy cows, mutations in the <i>CSN3</i> core promoter should be focused upon. These findings provide a reference for the regulatory mechanism of bovine milk proteins and offer guidance for the genetic selection and breeding of cows.
ISSN:2076-2615

Similar Items