Moderated mediation model of the association between problematic smartphone use and dry eye disease within Moroccan adolescents
Abstract This study scrutinizes the mediating role of sleep disturbance in the relationship between problematic smartphone use and dry eye disease and examines the moderating role of physical activity. A total of 2202 high school students from twelve regions of Morocco completed the Smartphone Addic...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11060-4 |
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| author | Samira Bouazza Samira Abbouyi Btissame Zarrouq |
| author_facet | Samira Bouazza Samira Abbouyi Btissame Zarrouq |
| author_sort | Samira Bouazza |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract This study scrutinizes the mediating role of sleep disturbance in the relationship between problematic smartphone use and dry eye disease and examines the moderating role of physical activity. A total of 2202 high school students from twelve regions of Morocco completed the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV), the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and the Dry Eye Questionnaire-5 (DEQ-5). Participants were also asked to rate the number of days per week during which they performed physical activity for at least 60 min. Our findings indicated that 50% of participants were problematic smartphone users, 39.3% suffered from dry eye disease and 38.3% suffered from sleep problems. The results suggested that sleep disorder mediated partially the relationship between problematic smartphone use and dry eye disease. Physical activity (at least 180 min per week) influenced the relationship between problematic smartphone use and dry eye disease. Specifically, it moderated both the direct link between smartphone use and dry eye, and the indirect link mediated by sleep disorders. This moderating effect was significant (index = − 0.0218, 95% CI [− 0.0260, − 0.0173]). These results offer valuable insights for preventing and managing sleep disturbances and dry eye disease linked to problematic smartphone use. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e398513b99114ba7ba8b4e459e5f44ea |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-e398513b99114ba7ba8b4e459e5f44ea2025-08-20T03:43:21ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-011511910.1038/s41598-025-11060-4Moderated mediation model of the association between problematic smartphone use and dry eye disease within Moroccan adolescentsSamira Bouazza0Samira Abbouyi1Btissame Zarrouq2Laboratory of Epidemiology and Research in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy, and Dental Medicine, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah UniversityLaboratory of Epidemiology and Research in Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy, and Dental Medicine, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah UniversityLaboratory of Scientific Innovation in Sustainability, Environment, Education, and Health in the Era of Artificial Intelligence, Teachers Training College (Ecole Normale Superieure), Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah UniversityAbstract This study scrutinizes the mediating role of sleep disturbance in the relationship between problematic smartphone use and dry eye disease and examines the moderating role of physical activity. A total of 2202 high school students from twelve regions of Morocco completed the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV), the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and the Dry Eye Questionnaire-5 (DEQ-5). Participants were also asked to rate the number of days per week during which they performed physical activity for at least 60 min. Our findings indicated that 50% of participants were problematic smartphone users, 39.3% suffered from dry eye disease and 38.3% suffered from sleep problems. The results suggested that sleep disorder mediated partially the relationship between problematic smartphone use and dry eye disease. Physical activity (at least 180 min per week) influenced the relationship between problematic smartphone use and dry eye disease. Specifically, it moderated both the direct link between smartphone use and dry eye, and the indirect link mediated by sleep disorders. This moderating effect was significant (index = − 0.0218, 95% CI [− 0.0260, − 0.0173]). These results offer valuable insights for preventing and managing sleep disturbances and dry eye disease linked to problematic smartphone use.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11060-4Problematic smartphone usePhysical activityDry eye diseaseSleep disturbanceHigh school students |
| spellingShingle | Samira Bouazza Samira Abbouyi Btissame Zarrouq Moderated mediation model of the association between problematic smartphone use and dry eye disease within Moroccan adolescents Scientific Reports Problematic smartphone use Physical activity Dry eye disease Sleep disturbance High school students |
| title | Moderated mediation model of the association between problematic smartphone use and dry eye disease within Moroccan adolescents |
| title_full | Moderated mediation model of the association between problematic smartphone use and dry eye disease within Moroccan adolescents |
| title_fullStr | Moderated mediation model of the association between problematic smartphone use and dry eye disease within Moroccan adolescents |
| title_full_unstemmed | Moderated mediation model of the association between problematic smartphone use and dry eye disease within Moroccan adolescents |
| title_short | Moderated mediation model of the association between problematic smartphone use and dry eye disease within Moroccan adolescents |
| title_sort | moderated mediation model of the association between problematic smartphone use and dry eye disease within moroccan adolescents |
| topic | Problematic smartphone use Physical activity Dry eye disease Sleep disturbance High school students |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11060-4 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT samirabouazza moderatedmediationmodeloftheassociationbetweenproblematicsmartphoneuseanddryeyediseasewithinmoroccanadolescents AT samiraabbouyi moderatedmediationmodeloftheassociationbetweenproblematicsmartphoneuseanddryeyediseasewithinmoroccanadolescents AT btissamezarrouq moderatedmediationmodeloftheassociationbetweenproblematicsmartphoneuseanddryeyediseasewithinmoroccanadolescents |