Cutting-Edge Approaches in the Co-Amorphization Process

<b>Background:</b> Recently, the co-amorphization method has been widely used to refine the bioavailability characteristics of poorly soluble drugs in addition to overcoming the drawbacks of other traditional amorphization techniques. <b>Objectives:</b> The main aim of this s...

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Main Authors: Azza A. K. Mahmoud, Géza Regdon, Katalin Kristó
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Pharmaceutics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/17/7/850
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author Azza A. K. Mahmoud
Géza Regdon
Katalin Kristó
author_facet Azza A. K. Mahmoud
Géza Regdon
Katalin Kristó
author_sort Azza A. K. Mahmoud
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background:</b> Recently, the co-amorphization method has been widely used to refine the bioavailability characteristics of poorly soluble drugs in addition to overcoming the drawbacks of other traditional amorphization techniques. <b>Objectives:</b> The main aim of this systematic review is to present an extensive outline of different co-former classes, co-former selection, and evaluation of produced co-amorphous systems. Methods: The systematic research was carried out based on three different databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science time using co-amorphous, co-former, and drug as keywords. The selected papers were written in the English language and published between 2016 and 2024, and they focused on the co-amorphous systems, while articles discussing other amorphization techniques and crystallization processes were excluded. <b>Results:</b> 127 peer-reviewed articles were selected and summarized. <b>Conclusions:</b> This paper revealed that amino acid is the most commonly used co-former, specifically arginine with acidic drugs and tryptophan with acidic and basic drugs, and it reported other co-formers that were used and different co-amorphous systems with their dissolution behaviour and stabilities, and different computational tools that were applied in the selection of co-former and process result evaluation.
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spelling doaj-art-e355a628fddd43a9ade2575d94d89abe2025-08-20T02:47:05ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232025-06-0117785010.3390/pharmaceutics17070850Cutting-Edge Approaches in the Co-Amorphization ProcessAzza A. K. Mahmoud0Géza Regdon1Katalin Kristó2Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6., H-6720 Szeged, HungaryInstitute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6., H-6720 Szeged, HungaryInstitute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Regulatory Affairs, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6., H-6720 Szeged, Hungary<b>Background:</b> Recently, the co-amorphization method has been widely used to refine the bioavailability characteristics of poorly soluble drugs in addition to overcoming the drawbacks of other traditional amorphization techniques. <b>Objectives:</b> The main aim of this systematic review is to present an extensive outline of different co-former classes, co-former selection, and evaluation of produced co-amorphous systems. Methods: The systematic research was carried out based on three different databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science time using co-amorphous, co-former, and drug as keywords. The selected papers were written in the English language and published between 2016 and 2024, and they focused on the co-amorphous systems, while articles discussing other amorphization techniques and crystallization processes were excluded. <b>Results:</b> 127 peer-reviewed articles were selected and summarized. <b>Conclusions:</b> This paper revealed that amino acid is the most commonly used co-former, specifically arginine with acidic drugs and tryptophan with acidic and basic drugs, and it reported other co-formers that were used and different co-amorphous systems with their dissolution behaviour and stabilities, and different computational tools that were applied in the selection of co-former and process result evaluation.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/17/7/850co-formeramino acidsdrug–drug co-amorphizationdensity functional theoryprincipal component analysis
spellingShingle Azza A. K. Mahmoud
Géza Regdon
Katalin Kristó
Cutting-Edge Approaches in the Co-Amorphization Process
Pharmaceutics
co-former
amino acids
drug–drug co-amorphization
density functional theory
principal component analysis
title Cutting-Edge Approaches in the Co-Amorphization Process
title_full Cutting-Edge Approaches in the Co-Amorphization Process
title_fullStr Cutting-Edge Approaches in the Co-Amorphization Process
title_full_unstemmed Cutting-Edge Approaches in the Co-Amorphization Process
title_short Cutting-Edge Approaches in the Co-Amorphization Process
title_sort cutting edge approaches in the co amorphization process
topic co-former
amino acids
drug–drug co-amorphization
density functional theory
principal component analysis
url https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/17/7/850
work_keys_str_mv AT azzaakmahmoud cuttingedgeapproachesinthecoamorphizationprocess
AT gezaregdon cuttingedgeapproachesinthecoamorphizationprocess
AT katalinkristo cuttingedgeapproachesinthecoamorphizationprocess