Age-related immune response disparities between adults and children with severe COVID-19: a case–control study in China
BackgroundElucidation of immune response differences is critical for uncovering underlying mechanisms and developing potential intervention measures among adults and children with COVID-19.MethodsIn this retrospective study, we analyzed serum biochemical markers and cytokine profiles among adults an...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1525051/full |
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| author | Hongliang Chen Hongliang Chen Yuan Li Liping Yuan Fen Liu Qian Sun Qian Sun Qingkai Luo Yefei Lei Yinglan Hou Jiayan Li Liang Cai Shixing Tang |
| author_facet | Hongliang Chen Hongliang Chen Yuan Li Liping Yuan Fen Liu Qian Sun Qian Sun Qingkai Luo Yefei Lei Yinglan Hou Jiayan Li Liang Cai Shixing Tang |
| author_sort | Hongliang Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundElucidation of immune response differences is critical for uncovering underlying mechanisms and developing potential intervention measures among adults and children with COVID-19.MethodsIn this retrospective study, we analyzed serum biochemical markers and cytokine profiles among adults and children with COVID-19 in the First People’s Hospital of Chenzhou in Hunan, China from 1 December 2022 to 13 February 2023. A case–control study was conducted using propensity score matching (PSM) to mitigate possible confounding factors.ResultsThe significant differences observed included lymphocyte exhaustion, an increased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NEU/LYM) ratio, high levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), and a cytokine storm, characterized by high levels of Th1 proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, interferon type I (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) in the lung among severe adult COVID-19 patients. Additionally, systemic immune responses were observed in children with COVID-19.ConclusionSignificant differences in immune responses between adults and children with COVID-19 highlight the different mechanisms and potential intervention measures of COVID-19. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e335842b4a014c36accf603818848a95 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj-art-e335842b4a014c36accf603818848a952025-02-04T06:32:01ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2025-02-011610.3389/fmicb.2025.15250511525051Age-related immune response disparities between adults and children with severe COVID-19: a case–control study in ChinaHongliang Chen0Hongliang Chen1Yuan Li2Liping Yuan3Fen Liu4Qian Sun5Qian Sun6Qingkai Luo7Yefei Lei8Yinglan Hou9Jiayan Li10Liang Cai11Shixing Tang12Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou, ChinaDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou, ChinaDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, ChinaWenzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Microbiology Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou, ChinaHunan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hunan, ChinaDepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, ChinaBackgroundElucidation of immune response differences is critical for uncovering underlying mechanisms and developing potential intervention measures among adults and children with COVID-19.MethodsIn this retrospective study, we analyzed serum biochemical markers and cytokine profiles among adults and children with COVID-19 in the First People’s Hospital of Chenzhou in Hunan, China from 1 December 2022 to 13 February 2023. A case–control study was conducted using propensity score matching (PSM) to mitigate possible confounding factors.ResultsThe significant differences observed included lymphocyte exhaustion, an increased neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NEU/LYM) ratio, high levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), and a cytokine storm, characterized by high levels of Th1 proinflammatory cytokines, including interleukin 1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, interferon type I (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) in the lung among severe adult COVID-19 patients. Additionally, systemic immune responses were observed in children with COVID-19.ConclusionSignificant differences in immune responses between adults and children with COVID-19 highlight the different mechanisms and potential intervention measures of COVID-19.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1525051/fullCOVID-19cytokinecytokine storminflammatory responsecase–control study |
| spellingShingle | Hongliang Chen Hongliang Chen Yuan Li Liping Yuan Fen Liu Qian Sun Qian Sun Qingkai Luo Yefei Lei Yinglan Hou Jiayan Li Liang Cai Shixing Tang Age-related immune response disparities between adults and children with severe COVID-19: a case–control study in China Frontiers in Microbiology COVID-19 cytokine cytokine storm inflammatory response case–control study |
| title | Age-related immune response disparities between adults and children with severe COVID-19: a case–control study in China |
| title_full | Age-related immune response disparities between adults and children with severe COVID-19: a case–control study in China |
| title_fullStr | Age-related immune response disparities between adults and children with severe COVID-19: a case–control study in China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Age-related immune response disparities between adults and children with severe COVID-19: a case–control study in China |
| title_short | Age-related immune response disparities between adults and children with severe COVID-19: a case–control study in China |
| title_sort | age related immune response disparities between adults and children with severe covid 19 a case control study in china |
| topic | COVID-19 cytokine cytokine storm inflammatory response case–control study |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1525051/full |
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