CPK1 activates CNGCs through phosphorylation for Ca2+ signaling to promote root hair growth in Arabidopsis
Abstract Cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 5 (CNGC5), CNGC6, and CNGC9 (CNGC5/6/9 for simplicity) control Arabidopsis root hair (RH) growth by mediating the influx of external Ca2+ to establish and maintain a sharp cytosolic Ca2+ gradient at RH tips. However, the underlying mechanisms for the regulati...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Portfolio
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Nature Communications |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-56008-4 |
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| _version_ | 1832594585198526464 |
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| author | Meijun Zhu Bo-Ya Du Yan-Qiu Tan Yang Yang Yang Zhang Yong-Fei Wang |
| author_facet | Meijun Zhu Bo-Ya Du Yan-Qiu Tan Yang Yang Yang Zhang Yong-Fei Wang |
| author_sort | Meijun Zhu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 5 (CNGC5), CNGC6, and CNGC9 (CNGC5/6/9 for simplicity) control Arabidopsis root hair (RH) growth by mediating the influx of external Ca2+ to establish and maintain a sharp cytosolic Ca2+ gradient at RH tips. However, the underlying mechanisms for the regulation of CNGCs remain unknown. We report here that calcium dependent protein kinase 1 (CPK1) directly activates CNGC5/6/9 to promote Arabidopsis RH growth. The loss-of-function mutants cpk1-1, cpk1-2, cngc5-1 cngc6-2 cngc9-1 (shrh1/short root hair 1), and cpk1 shrh1 show similar RH phenotypes, including shorter RHs, more RH branching, and dramatically attenuated cytosolic Ca2+ gradients at RH tips. The main CPK1-target sites are identified as Ser20, Ser27, and Ser26 for CNGC5/6/9, respectively, and the corresponding alanine substitution mutants fail to rescue RH growth in shrh1 and cpk1-1, while phospho-mimic versions restore the cytosolic Ca2+ gradient at RH apex and rescue the RH phenotypes in the same Arabidopsis mutants. Thus we discover the CPK1-CNGC modules essential for the Ca2+ signaling regulation and RH growth in Arabidopsis. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e334407776414be4952e5329fb399263 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2041-1723 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nature Communications |
| spelling | doaj-art-e334407776414be4952e5329fb3992632025-01-19T12:32:05ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-01-0116112010.1038/s41467-025-56008-4CPK1 activates CNGCs through phosphorylation for Ca2+ signaling to promote root hair growth in ArabidopsisMeijun Zhu0Bo-Ya Du1Yan-Qiu Tan2Yang Yang3Yang Zhang4Yong-Fei Wang5State Key Laboratory of Plant Trait Design, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)State Key Laboratory of Plant Trait Design, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)State Key Laboratory of Plant Trait Design, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)State Key Laboratory of Plant Trait Design, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)State Key Laboratory of Plant Trait Design, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)State Key Laboratory of Plant Trait Design, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)Abstract Cyclic nucleotide-gated channel 5 (CNGC5), CNGC6, and CNGC9 (CNGC5/6/9 for simplicity) control Arabidopsis root hair (RH) growth by mediating the influx of external Ca2+ to establish and maintain a sharp cytosolic Ca2+ gradient at RH tips. However, the underlying mechanisms for the regulation of CNGCs remain unknown. We report here that calcium dependent protein kinase 1 (CPK1) directly activates CNGC5/6/9 to promote Arabidopsis RH growth. The loss-of-function mutants cpk1-1, cpk1-2, cngc5-1 cngc6-2 cngc9-1 (shrh1/short root hair 1), and cpk1 shrh1 show similar RH phenotypes, including shorter RHs, more RH branching, and dramatically attenuated cytosolic Ca2+ gradients at RH tips. The main CPK1-target sites are identified as Ser20, Ser27, and Ser26 for CNGC5/6/9, respectively, and the corresponding alanine substitution mutants fail to rescue RH growth in shrh1 and cpk1-1, while phospho-mimic versions restore the cytosolic Ca2+ gradient at RH apex and rescue the RH phenotypes in the same Arabidopsis mutants. Thus we discover the CPK1-CNGC modules essential for the Ca2+ signaling regulation and RH growth in Arabidopsis.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-56008-4 |
| spellingShingle | Meijun Zhu Bo-Ya Du Yan-Qiu Tan Yang Yang Yang Zhang Yong-Fei Wang CPK1 activates CNGCs through phosphorylation for Ca2+ signaling to promote root hair growth in Arabidopsis Nature Communications |
| title | CPK1 activates CNGCs through phosphorylation for Ca2+ signaling to promote root hair growth in Arabidopsis |
| title_full | CPK1 activates CNGCs through phosphorylation for Ca2+ signaling to promote root hair growth in Arabidopsis |
| title_fullStr | CPK1 activates CNGCs through phosphorylation for Ca2+ signaling to promote root hair growth in Arabidopsis |
| title_full_unstemmed | CPK1 activates CNGCs through phosphorylation for Ca2+ signaling to promote root hair growth in Arabidopsis |
| title_short | CPK1 activates CNGCs through phosphorylation for Ca2+ signaling to promote root hair growth in Arabidopsis |
| title_sort | cpk1 activates cngcs through phosphorylation for ca2 signaling to promote root hair growth in arabidopsis |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-56008-4 |
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