TransXLT: A novel ZTD prediction method with SASR-based data reconstruction

Summary: Traditional Zenith Tropospheric Delay (ZTD) models often face difficulties in maintaining prediction accuracy under complex meteorological conditions and data loss. To address this, we propose the transformer-xLSTM (TransXLT) model, which integrates spatial-temporal information from global...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Shicheng Xie, Xuexiang Yu, Jiajia Yuan, Xu Yang, Mingfei Zhu, Yuchen Han, Min Wei, Zhongchen Guo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-05-01
Series:iScience
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589004225005899
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Summary:Summary: Traditional Zenith Tropospheric Delay (ZTD) models often face difficulties in maintaining prediction accuracy under complex meteorological conditions and data loss. To address this, we propose the transformer-xLSTM (TransXLT) model, which integrates spatial-temporal information from global navigation satellite system (GNSS) stations, ERA5 (global atmospheric reanalysis), and GPT3 (empirical ZTD estimation). Missing data are reconstructed using a sparse attention-based time series reconstruction (SASR) method. Experimental results show: (1) under a 120-h data loss, SASR reduces mean absolute error (MAE) by 24.5% compared to cubic Hermite interpolation; (2) SASR lowers training root mean square error (RMSE) by 15.1% versus direct data deletion; and (3) TransXLT achieves an average RMSE of 8.13 mm across six sites, reducing RMSE by up to 76.54% compared to benchmarks like CNN-LSTM and ERA5. Demonstrating robustness across varying latitudes, altitudes, and seasons, the model significantly advances ZTD estimation accuracy for GNSS applications.
ISSN:2589-0042