Multi-component dark matter and Galactic 511 keV γ-ray emission

Abstract We study multi-component dark matter scenarios and the Galactic 511 keV γ-ray emission line signal in the framework of a local, dark U(1) D extension of the Standard Model. A light vector dark matter particle associated with the dark U(1) D may decay and annihilate to electron-positron pair...

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Main Authors: Sarif Khan, Jinsu Kim, Jongkuk Kim, Pyungwon Ko
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2025-06-01
Series:Journal of High Energy Physics
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP06(2025)102
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author Sarif Khan
Jinsu Kim
Jongkuk Kim
Pyungwon Ko
author_facet Sarif Khan
Jinsu Kim
Jongkuk Kim
Pyungwon Ko
author_sort Sarif Khan
collection DOAJ
description Abstract We study multi-component dark matter scenarios and the Galactic 511 keV γ-ray emission line signal in the framework of a local, dark U(1) D extension of the Standard Model. A light vector dark matter particle associated with the dark U(1) D may decay and annihilate to electron-positron pairs. The produced positrons may in turn form positroniums that subsequently annihilate to two photons, accounting for the observed line signal of the Galactic 511 keV γ-ray emission. Three scenarios are investigated. First, we consider the minimal U(1) D extension where a dark gauge boson and a dark Higgs boson are newly introduced to the particle content. As a second scenario, we consider WIMP-type dark matter with the introduction of an extra dark fermion which, in addition to the dark gauge boson, may contribute to the dark matter relic abundance. It is thus a multi-component dark matter scenario with a UV-complete dark U(1) D symmetry. In particular, the vector dark matter may account for a small fraction of the total dark matter relic abundance. Finally, we consider the scenario where the dark matter particles are of the FIMP-type. In this case, both the light vector and fermion dark matter particles may be produced via the freeze-in and super-WIMP mechanisms. Considering theoretical and observational constraints, we explore the allowed parameter space where the Galactic 511 keV γ-ray line signal and the dark matter relic can both be explained. We also discuss possible observational signatures.
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spelling doaj-art-e2f325f404ea4b2bbb7c17f7933b1be32025-08-20T03:42:43ZengSpringerOpenJournal of High Energy Physics1029-84792025-06-012025613110.1007/JHEP06(2025)102Multi-component dark matter and Galactic 511 keV γ-ray emissionSarif Khan0Jinsu Kim1Jongkuk Kim2Pyungwon Ko3Institut für Theoretische Physik, Georg-August-Universität GöttingenSchool of Physics Science and Engineering, Tongji UniversityDepartment of Physics, Chung-Ang UniversitySchool of Physics, Korea Institute for Advanced StudyAbstract We study multi-component dark matter scenarios and the Galactic 511 keV γ-ray emission line signal in the framework of a local, dark U(1) D extension of the Standard Model. A light vector dark matter particle associated with the dark U(1) D may decay and annihilate to electron-positron pairs. The produced positrons may in turn form positroniums that subsequently annihilate to two photons, accounting for the observed line signal of the Galactic 511 keV γ-ray emission. Three scenarios are investigated. First, we consider the minimal U(1) D extension where a dark gauge boson and a dark Higgs boson are newly introduced to the particle content. As a second scenario, we consider WIMP-type dark matter with the introduction of an extra dark fermion which, in addition to the dark gauge boson, may contribute to the dark matter relic abundance. It is thus a multi-component dark matter scenario with a UV-complete dark U(1) D symmetry. In particular, the vector dark matter may account for a small fraction of the total dark matter relic abundance. Finally, we consider the scenario where the dark matter particles are of the FIMP-type. In this case, both the light vector and fermion dark matter particles may be produced via the freeze-in and super-WIMP mechanisms. Considering theoretical and observational constraints, we explore the allowed parameter space where the Galactic 511 keV γ-ray line signal and the dark matter relic can both be explained. We also discuss possible observational signatures.https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP06(2025)102Cosmology of Theories BSMModels for Dark MatterParticle Nature of Dark Matter
spellingShingle Sarif Khan
Jinsu Kim
Jongkuk Kim
Pyungwon Ko
Multi-component dark matter and Galactic 511 keV γ-ray emission
Journal of High Energy Physics
Cosmology of Theories BSM
Models for Dark Matter
Particle Nature of Dark Matter
title Multi-component dark matter and Galactic 511 keV γ-ray emission
title_full Multi-component dark matter and Galactic 511 keV γ-ray emission
title_fullStr Multi-component dark matter and Galactic 511 keV γ-ray emission
title_full_unstemmed Multi-component dark matter and Galactic 511 keV γ-ray emission
title_short Multi-component dark matter and Galactic 511 keV γ-ray emission
title_sort multi component dark matter and galactic 511 kev γ ray emission
topic Cosmology of Theories BSM
Models for Dark Matter
Particle Nature of Dark Matter
url https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP06(2025)102
work_keys_str_mv AT sarifkhan multicomponentdarkmatterandgalactic511kevgrayemission
AT jinsukim multicomponentdarkmatterandgalactic511kevgrayemission
AT jongkukkim multicomponentdarkmatterandgalactic511kevgrayemission
AT pyungwonko multicomponentdarkmatterandgalactic511kevgrayemission