Association of dietary glycemic index and glycemic load with pancreatic steatosis: a case control study
Abstract Background Carbohydrate intake, its type and characteristics including glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) may be associated with the risk of pancreatic steatosis (PS), but there is no conclusive evidence. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the intake of carbohyd...
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BMC
2025-03-01
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| Series: | BMC Endocrine Disorders |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-025-01909-0 |
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| author | Mohammad Bahrizadeh Danial Fotros Maedeh Chegini Amir Sadeghi Azita Hekmatdoost Zahra Yari |
| author_facet | Mohammad Bahrizadeh Danial Fotros Maedeh Chegini Amir Sadeghi Azita Hekmatdoost Zahra Yari |
| author_sort | Mohammad Bahrizadeh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Carbohydrate intake, its type and characteristics including glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) may be associated with the risk of pancreatic steatosis (PS), but there is no conclusive evidence. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the intake of carbohydrates, GI and GL were associated with an increased risk of PS. Methods To conduct this study, 278 patients with common bile duct stones (CBD) underwent endoscopic ultrasound, including 89 patients with PS (case group) and 189 healthy individuals (control group). In addition to demographic and anthropometric information, a 168-item questionnaire of food frequency was completed to calculate GL and GI. Results With the increase of GI and GL, the number of patients with PS increased significantly (P = 0.013, P < 0.001, respectively) and the risk of PS increased significantly. A similar increase in risk of PS was found with increased risk of carbohydrate, simple sugar and fructose intake. After adjusting all the confounders, the risk of PS with increasing simple sugar and fructose intake was 4.3 times (OR T3 vs. T1 = 4.3, 95% CI: 1.7–10.6, P trend < 0.001) and 5.3 times (OR T3 vs. T1 = 5.3, 95% CI: 2.2–12.9, P trend < 0.001), respectively, compared to the first tertile. Conversely, increased fiber intake showed a reverse association with the PS, so that those in the second and third tertiles of fiber intake were 84% (OR = 0.16, 95% CI: 0.05–0.45) and 87% (OR = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.04–0.39) less at risk of developing PS, respectively (P trend = 0.001). Conclusions These findings support the hypothesis of direct associations between GI and GL increased risk of PS. |
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| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1472-6823 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | BMC Endocrine Disorders |
| spelling | doaj-art-e2dc6af8afdb4d3bbcbdf780941ec5702025-08-20T01:54:22ZengBMCBMC Endocrine Disorders1472-68232025-03-012511710.1186/s12902-025-01909-0Association of dietary glycemic index and glycemic load with pancreatic steatosis: a case control studyMohammad Bahrizadeh0Danial Fotros1Maedeh Chegini2Amir Sadeghi3Azita Hekmatdoost4Zahra Yari5Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition and dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Clinical Nutrition and dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Clinical Nutrition and dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesResearch Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases of Taleghani Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Clinical Nutrition and dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Nutrition Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesAbstract Background Carbohydrate intake, its type and characteristics including glycemic index (GI) and glycemic load (GL) may be associated with the risk of pancreatic steatosis (PS), but there is no conclusive evidence. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the intake of carbohydrates, GI and GL were associated with an increased risk of PS. Methods To conduct this study, 278 patients with common bile duct stones (CBD) underwent endoscopic ultrasound, including 89 patients with PS (case group) and 189 healthy individuals (control group). In addition to demographic and anthropometric information, a 168-item questionnaire of food frequency was completed to calculate GL and GI. Results With the increase of GI and GL, the number of patients with PS increased significantly (P = 0.013, P < 0.001, respectively) and the risk of PS increased significantly. A similar increase in risk of PS was found with increased risk of carbohydrate, simple sugar and fructose intake. After adjusting all the confounders, the risk of PS with increasing simple sugar and fructose intake was 4.3 times (OR T3 vs. T1 = 4.3, 95% CI: 1.7–10.6, P trend < 0.001) and 5.3 times (OR T3 vs. T1 = 5.3, 95% CI: 2.2–12.9, P trend < 0.001), respectively, compared to the first tertile. Conversely, increased fiber intake showed a reverse association with the PS, so that those in the second and third tertiles of fiber intake were 84% (OR = 0.16, 95% CI: 0.05–0.45) and 87% (OR = 0.13, 95% CI: 0.04–0.39) less at risk of developing PS, respectively (P trend = 0.001). Conclusions These findings support the hypothesis of direct associations between GI and GL increased risk of PS.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-025-01909-0Pancreatic steatosisGlycemic indexGIGlycemic loadGL |
| spellingShingle | Mohammad Bahrizadeh Danial Fotros Maedeh Chegini Amir Sadeghi Azita Hekmatdoost Zahra Yari Association of dietary glycemic index and glycemic load with pancreatic steatosis: a case control study BMC Endocrine Disorders Pancreatic steatosis Glycemic index GI Glycemic load GL |
| title | Association of dietary glycemic index and glycemic load with pancreatic steatosis: a case control study |
| title_full | Association of dietary glycemic index and glycemic load with pancreatic steatosis: a case control study |
| title_fullStr | Association of dietary glycemic index and glycemic load with pancreatic steatosis: a case control study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Association of dietary glycemic index and glycemic load with pancreatic steatosis: a case control study |
| title_short | Association of dietary glycemic index and glycemic load with pancreatic steatosis: a case control study |
| title_sort | association of dietary glycemic index and glycemic load with pancreatic steatosis a case control study |
| topic | Pancreatic steatosis Glycemic index GI Glycemic load GL |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-025-01909-0 |
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