Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hepatitis B and C Virus Co-Infection among Women Attending Antiretroviral Therapy Clinic in Yola, Nigeria

Introduction: Viral hepatitis represents a significant challenge to public health worldwide. Women living with HIV are at heightened risk of coinfection with hepatitis B and C due to their increased risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens through medical interventions, potentially leading to se...

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Main Authors: Maryam Adam Ibrahim1*, James Hamuel Doughari2
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Pasteur Institute of Iran 2024-09-01
Series:Journal of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
Subjects:
Online Access:https://jommid.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-670-en.html
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author Maryam Adam Ibrahim1*
James Hamuel Doughari2
author_facet Maryam Adam Ibrahim1*
James Hamuel Doughari2
author_sort Maryam Adam Ibrahim1*
collection DOAJ
description Introduction: Viral hepatitis represents a significant challenge to public health worldwide. Women living with HIV are at heightened risk of coinfection with hepatitis B and C due to their increased risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens through medical interventions, potentially leading to severe health outcomes, including increased morbidity and mortality, and public health impacts through maternal transmission. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis B and C virus co-infection among women living with HIV attending the ART clinic in Modibbo Adama University Teaching Hospital, Yola, Nigeria. These findings will inform the development and improvement of testing, vaccination, and treatment programs to enhance health outcomes and quality of life for this population. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2023 to September 2023 using a convenience sampling method to recruit 360 women aged 18 years and above attending the ART clinic. Data on sociodemographic characteristics and potential risk factors for HBV/HCV infection were collected with a structured questionnaire. The seroprevalence of HBsAg and anti-HCV antibodies was determined with Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) strips from Micropoint. Results: Among the 360 HIV-positive women tested, 9.2% (33) were co-infected with HBV, 2.2% (8) were coinfected with HCV, and 0.3% (1) had co-infection with HBV, HCV, and HIV. The prevalence of HBV co-infection was highest among women aged 39-48 (9.6%), while HCV co-infection was most prevalent in those aged 49 and above (3.4%). Logistic regression analysis showed that blood transfusion and having multiple sexual partners were significantly associated with HIV/HBV co-infection (P-value = 0.002). Conclusion: This study identified a notable prevalence of HBV (9.2%) and HCV (2.2%) co-infection among women living with HIV, underscoring the public health significance due to the potential for increased morbidity and mortality. Further studies should employ molecular techniques like PCR to confirm active infections and assess viral loads. This information is crucial for guiding treatment decisions and improving clinical outcomes for this vulnerable population.
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spelling doaj-art-e2dbee0be80c4e8a9924c84dc67cbcf42025-08-20T01:51:06ZengPasteur Institute of IranJournal of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases2345-53492345-53302024-09-0112320821610.61186/JoMMID.12.3.208Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hepatitis B and C Virus Co-Infection among Women Attending Antiretroviral Therapy Clinic in Yola, NigeriaMaryam Adam Ibrahim1*0https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3935-7832James Hamuel Doughari21https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6048-76021College of Nursing and Midwifery, Department of Applied Sciences, PMB 2044, Yola, Nigeria2Modibbo Adama University, Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Microbiology, PMB 2076, Yola, NigeriaIntroduction: Viral hepatitis represents a significant challenge to public health worldwide. Women living with HIV are at heightened risk of coinfection with hepatitis B and C due to their increased risk of exposure to bloodborne pathogens through medical interventions, potentially leading to severe health outcomes, including increased morbidity and mortality, and public health impacts through maternal transmission. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of hepatitis B and C virus co-infection among women living with HIV attending the ART clinic in Modibbo Adama University Teaching Hospital, Yola, Nigeria. These findings will inform the development and improvement of testing, vaccination, and treatment programs to enhance health outcomes and quality of life for this population. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2023 to September 2023 using a convenience sampling method to recruit 360 women aged 18 years and above attending the ART clinic. Data on sociodemographic characteristics and potential risk factors for HBV/HCV infection were collected with a structured questionnaire. The seroprevalence of HBsAg and anti-HCV antibodies was determined with Rapid Diagnostic Test (RDT) strips from Micropoint. Results: Among the 360 HIV-positive women tested, 9.2% (33) were co-infected with HBV, 2.2% (8) were coinfected with HCV, and 0.3% (1) had co-infection with HBV, HCV, and HIV. The prevalence of HBV co-infection was highest among women aged 39-48 (9.6%), while HCV co-infection was most prevalent in those aged 49 and above (3.4%). Logistic regression analysis showed that blood transfusion and having multiple sexual partners were significantly associated with HIV/HBV co-infection (P-value = 0.002). Conclusion: This study identified a notable prevalence of HBV (9.2%) and HCV (2.2%) co-infection among women living with HIV, underscoring the public health significance due to the potential for increased morbidity and mortality. Further studies should employ molecular techniques like PCR to confirm active infections and assess viral loads. This information is crucial for guiding treatment decisions and improving clinical outcomes for this vulnerable population.https://jommid.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-670-en.htmlco-infectionhepatitis b virushepatitis c virushiv infectionnigeriarisk factorswomen living with hiv
spellingShingle Maryam Adam Ibrahim1*
James Hamuel Doughari2
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hepatitis B and C Virus Co-Infection among Women Attending Antiretroviral Therapy Clinic in Yola, Nigeria
Journal of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases
co-infection
hepatitis b virus
hepatitis c virus
hiv infection
nigeria
risk factors
women living with hiv
title Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hepatitis B and C Virus Co-Infection among Women Attending Antiretroviral Therapy Clinic in Yola, Nigeria
title_full Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hepatitis B and C Virus Co-Infection among Women Attending Antiretroviral Therapy Clinic in Yola, Nigeria
title_fullStr Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hepatitis B and C Virus Co-Infection among Women Attending Antiretroviral Therapy Clinic in Yola, Nigeria
title_full_unstemmed Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hepatitis B and C Virus Co-Infection among Women Attending Antiretroviral Therapy Clinic in Yola, Nigeria
title_short Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hepatitis B and C Virus Co-Infection among Women Attending Antiretroviral Therapy Clinic in Yola, Nigeria
title_sort prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis b and c virus co infection among women attending antiretroviral therapy clinic in yola nigeria
topic co-infection
hepatitis b virus
hepatitis c virus
hiv infection
nigeria
risk factors
women living with hiv
url https://jommid.pasteur.ac.ir/article-1-670-en.html
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