Anlotinib combined with tislelizumab in the treatment of primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate: a case report and literature review

Primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate is extremely rare, highly aggressive, and has a very poor prognosis, with an overall survival typically not exceeding one year. Standard treatment is generally based on the regimen for small cell lung cancer (SCLC), with guidelines recommen...

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Main Authors: Xin Fei, Zhong Zheng, Zhen-ya Zhao, Da-wei Ren, Su-ying Wang, Shi-jie Ye, Lin-chun Liang, Da Li, Xiao-long Jia, Qi Ma
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2024-12-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1510069/full
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author Xin Fei
Zhong Zheng
Zhen-ya Zhao
Da-wei Ren
Su-ying Wang
Shi-jie Ye
Lin-chun Liang
Da Li
Da Li
Xiao-long Jia
Qi Ma
Qi Ma
author_facet Xin Fei
Zhong Zheng
Zhen-ya Zhao
Da-wei Ren
Su-ying Wang
Shi-jie Ye
Lin-chun Liang
Da Li
Da Li
Xiao-long Jia
Qi Ma
Qi Ma
author_sort Xin Fei
collection DOAJ
description Primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate is extremely rare, highly aggressive, and has a very poor prognosis, with an overall survival typically not exceeding one year. Standard treatment is generally based on the regimen for small cell lung cancer (SCLC), with guidelines recommending etoposide combined with cisplatin (EP regimen) as the first-line treatment. However, their therapeutic effects are limited. For primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate that has failed the EP regimen treatment, there is currently a lack of relevant treatment methods. Here, we report a case of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate with multiple metastases, whose disease rapidly progressed despite receiving EP and second-line systemic chemotherapy. The patient was then administered a combination of anlotinib and tislelizumab. After treatment, the patient’s symptoms were controlled, tumor marker levels decreased, and imaging showed significant improvement. The patient had a progression-free survival time of more than 22 months and continued to receive treatment. This is the first report of the use of anlotinib combined with tislelizumab for the treatment of primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate, providing a new therapeutic option for patients with this disease.
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spelling doaj-art-e2ab3b1b01df4e61b82450792f5bcf612025-08-20T02:31:43ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242024-12-011510.3389/fimmu.2024.15100691510069Anlotinib combined with tislelizumab in the treatment of primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate: a case report and literature reviewXin Fei0Zhong Zheng1Zhen-ya Zhao2Da-wei Ren3Su-ying Wang4Shi-jie Ye5Lin-chun Liang6Da Li7Da Li8Xiao-long Jia9Qi Ma10Qi Ma11Department of Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, ChinaDepartment of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, ChinaDepartment of Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, ChinaDepartment of Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, ChinaDepartment of Pathology, Ningbo Clinicopathological Diagnosis Center, Ningbo, ChinaDepartment of Health Science Center, Ningbo University, Ningbo, ChinaDepartment of Medical Oncology, Mingzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, ChinaDepartment of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang University Medical School, Hangzhou, ChinaYi-Huan Genitourinary Cancer Group, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, ChinaDepartment of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, ChinaYi-Huan Genitourinary Cancer Group, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, ChinaComprehensive Genitourinary Cancer Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, ChinaPrimary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate is extremely rare, highly aggressive, and has a very poor prognosis, with an overall survival typically not exceeding one year. Standard treatment is generally based on the regimen for small cell lung cancer (SCLC), with guidelines recommending etoposide combined with cisplatin (EP regimen) as the first-line treatment. However, their therapeutic effects are limited. For primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate that has failed the EP regimen treatment, there is currently a lack of relevant treatment methods. Here, we report a case of small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate with multiple metastases, whose disease rapidly progressed despite receiving EP and second-line systemic chemotherapy. The patient was then administered a combination of anlotinib and tislelizumab. After treatment, the patient’s symptoms were controlled, tumor marker levels decreased, and imaging showed significant improvement. The patient had a progression-free survival time of more than 22 months and continued to receive treatment. This is the first report of the use of anlotinib combined with tislelizumab for the treatment of primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate, providing a new therapeutic option for patients with this disease.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1510069/fullsmall cell neuroendocrine carcinomaNEPCcase reportanlotinibtislelizumabprostate cancer
spellingShingle Xin Fei
Zhong Zheng
Zhen-ya Zhao
Da-wei Ren
Su-ying Wang
Shi-jie Ye
Lin-chun Liang
Da Li
Da Li
Xiao-long Jia
Qi Ma
Qi Ma
Anlotinib combined with tislelizumab in the treatment of primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate: a case report and literature review
Frontiers in Immunology
small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma
NEPC
case report
anlotinib
tislelizumab
prostate cancer
title Anlotinib combined with tislelizumab in the treatment of primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate: a case report and literature review
title_full Anlotinib combined with tislelizumab in the treatment of primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate: a case report and literature review
title_fullStr Anlotinib combined with tislelizumab in the treatment of primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate: a case report and literature review
title_full_unstemmed Anlotinib combined with tislelizumab in the treatment of primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate: a case report and literature review
title_short Anlotinib combined with tislelizumab in the treatment of primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate: a case report and literature review
title_sort anlotinib combined with tislelizumab in the treatment of primary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate a case report and literature review
topic small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma
NEPC
case report
anlotinib
tislelizumab
prostate cancer
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1510069/full
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