Intelligent Optimization of OSPF Path Selection Using Machine Learning Models for Adaptive Network Routing

At the core of enterprise networks lies routing protocols that make forwarding decisions based on a set of rules and metrics. One of the most popular and widely used routing protocols is the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF). Traditional OSPF calculates the cost of the route primarily based on interf...

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Main Author: Rebeen Rebwar Hama Amin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Sulaimani Polytechnic University 2025-08-01
Series:Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research
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Online Access:https://kjar.spu.edu.iq/index.php/kjar/article/view/1012
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author Rebeen Rebwar Hama Amin
author_facet Rebeen Rebwar Hama Amin
author_sort Rebeen Rebwar Hama Amin
collection DOAJ
description At the core of enterprise networks lies routing protocols that make forwarding decisions based on a set of rules and metrics. One of the most popular and widely used routing protocols is the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF). Traditional OSPF calculates the cost of the route primarily based on interface bandwidth, without considering real-time factors such as latency, congestion, or link stability. These calculations are static and can lead to deficiencies in adapting to unstable network conditions. This study proposes the integration of multiple machine learning (ML) models and techniques to enhance OSPF routing decisions. Four important ML functions namely traffic forecast, anomaly detection, failure prediction, and dynamic cost optimization—have been used to improve OSPF performance. ML methods such as Random Forest and XGBoost are used to predict and assign costs in traffic utilization and real-time performance assessments. AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average models and Long Short-Term Memory are applied to enable traffic predictions and route adjustments before potential congestions. Furthermore, link and node failure are common in network routing. Random Forest and logistic regression models are employed to predict these. The simulation took place in Graphical Network Simulator-3 using Cisco routers and Linux servers to allow thorough testing before and after applying the ML models. The results and findings have shown that the integration of ML models reroutes the traffic to enhance latency and throughput by approximately 30%. The findings demonstrate the upside of ML-enhanced OSPF routing as a versatile and scalable solution for high-demand networks.
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spelling doaj-art-e2a068e6db1a41348df2b1d9482f47ed2025-08-20T04:03:25ZengSulaimani Polytechnic UniversityKurdistan Journal of Applied Research2411-76842411-77062025-08-0110210.24017/science.2025.2.3Intelligent Optimization of OSPF Path Selection Using Machine Learning Models for Adaptive Network RoutingRebeen Rebwar Hama Amin0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9847-5543Network Department, Computer Science Institute, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq At the core of enterprise networks lies routing protocols that make forwarding decisions based on a set of rules and metrics. One of the most popular and widely used routing protocols is the Open Shortest Path First (OSPF). Traditional OSPF calculates the cost of the route primarily based on interface bandwidth, without considering real-time factors such as latency, congestion, or link stability. These calculations are static and can lead to deficiencies in adapting to unstable network conditions. This study proposes the integration of multiple machine learning (ML) models and techniques to enhance OSPF routing decisions. Four important ML functions namely traffic forecast, anomaly detection, failure prediction, and dynamic cost optimization—have been used to improve OSPF performance. ML methods such as Random Forest and XGBoost are used to predict and assign costs in traffic utilization and real-time performance assessments. AutoRegressive Integrated Moving Average models and Long Short-Term Memory are applied to enable traffic predictions and route adjustments before potential congestions. Furthermore, link and node failure are common in network routing. Random Forest and logistic regression models are employed to predict these. The simulation took place in Graphical Network Simulator-3 using Cisco routers and Linux servers to allow thorough testing before and after applying the ML models. The results and findings have shown that the integration of ML models reroutes the traffic to enhance latency and throughput by approximately 30%. The findings demonstrate the upside of ML-enhanced OSPF routing as a versatile and scalable solution for high-demand networks. https://kjar.spu.edu.iq/index.php/kjar/article/view/1012 Machine LearningOSPFSDNRouting Protocols
spellingShingle Rebeen Rebwar Hama Amin
Intelligent Optimization of OSPF Path Selection Using Machine Learning Models for Adaptive Network Routing
Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research
Machine Learning
OSPF
SDN
Routing Protocols
title Intelligent Optimization of OSPF Path Selection Using Machine Learning Models for Adaptive Network Routing
title_full Intelligent Optimization of OSPF Path Selection Using Machine Learning Models for Adaptive Network Routing
title_fullStr Intelligent Optimization of OSPF Path Selection Using Machine Learning Models for Adaptive Network Routing
title_full_unstemmed Intelligent Optimization of OSPF Path Selection Using Machine Learning Models for Adaptive Network Routing
title_short Intelligent Optimization of OSPF Path Selection Using Machine Learning Models for Adaptive Network Routing
title_sort intelligent optimization of ospf path selection using machine learning models for adaptive network routing
topic Machine Learning
OSPF
SDN
Routing Protocols
url https://kjar.spu.edu.iq/index.php/kjar/article/view/1012
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