Classification of polyphenol oxidases shows ancient gene duplication leading to two distinct enzyme types
Summary: Polyphenol oxidases (PPOs) are coupled binuclear copper proteins that catalyze the oxidation of phenols. New functions of PPOs are continuously being discovered, latest with several fungal o-methoxy phenolases, which are active on lignin-derived compounds. Here, we perform a comprehensive p...
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Elsevier
2025-02-01
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| Series: | iScience |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589004225000306 |
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| author | Ida K.S. Meitil Caio de O.G. Silva Anders Gorm Pedersen Jane W. Agger |
| author_facet | Ida K.S. Meitil Caio de O.G. Silva Anders Gorm Pedersen Jane W. Agger |
| author_sort | Ida K.S. Meitil |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Summary: Polyphenol oxidases (PPOs) are coupled binuclear copper proteins that catalyze the oxidation of phenols. New functions of PPOs are continuously being discovered, latest with several fungal o-methoxy phenolases, which are active on lignin-derived compounds. Here, we perform a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of PPOs from a wide taxonomic origin and define 12 PPO groups. We find that a deep gene duplication has led to two distinct PPO types. Type 1 includes PPOs from chordates and molluscs, as well as the fungal o-methoxy phenolases. Type 2 includes plant PPOs, molluscan hemocyanins, and fungal tyrosinases. Most of the type 2 proteins have a C-terminal shielding domain and a thioether bond in the copper-binding site. We also find that most ascomycetes contain high numbers of the PPO type 1 that includes the o-methoxy phenolases, which may indicate a role in the lignin conversion strategy of these fungi. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e29d0b23a2bd46878950f601365d80ff |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2589-0042 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | iScience |
| spelling | doaj-art-e29d0b23a2bd46878950f601365d80ff2025-01-26T05:04:35ZengElsevieriScience2589-00422025-02-01282111771Classification of polyphenol oxidases shows ancient gene duplication leading to two distinct enzyme typesIda K.S. Meitil0Caio de O.G. Silva1Anders Gorm Pedersen2Jane W. Agger3Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, DenmarkDepartment of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, DenmarkDepartment of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, DenmarkDepartment of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark; Corresponding authorSummary: Polyphenol oxidases (PPOs) are coupled binuclear copper proteins that catalyze the oxidation of phenols. New functions of PPOs are continuously being discovered, latest with several fungal o-methoxy phenolases, which are active on lignin-derived compounds. Here, we perform a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of PPOs from a wide taxonomic origin and define 12 PPO groups. We find that a deep gene duplication has led to two distinct PPO types. Type 1 includes PPOs from chordates and molluscs, as well as the fungal o-methoxy phenolases. Type 2 includes plant PPOs, molluscan hemocyanins, and fungal tyrosinases. Most of the type 2 proteins have a C-terminal shielding domain and a thioether bond in the copper-binding site. We also find that most ascomycetes contain high numbers of the PPO type 1 that includes the o-methoxy phenolases, which may indicate a role in the lignin conversion strategy of these fungi.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589004225000306BiochemistryMolecular biologyEvolutionary biologyPhylogenetics |
| spellingShingle | Ida K.S. Meitil Caio de O.G. Silva Anders Gorm Pedersen Jane W. Agger Classification of polyphenol oxidases shows ancient gene duplication leading to two distinct enzyme types iScience Biochemistry Molecular biology Evolutionary biology Phylogenetics |
| title | Classification of polyphenol oxidases shows ancient gene duplication leading to two distinct enzyme types |
| title_full | Classification of polyphenol oxidases shows ancient gene duplication leading to two distinct enzyme types |
| title_fullStr | Classification of polyphenol oxidases shows ancient gene duplication leading to two distinct enzyme types |
| title_full_unstemmed | Classification of polyphenol oxidases shows ancient gene duplication leading to two distinct enzyme types |
| title_short | Classification of polyphenol oxidases shows ancient gene duplication leading to two distinct enzyme types |
| title_sort | classification of polyphenol oxidases shows ancient gene duplication leading to two distinct enzyme types |
| topic | Biochemistry Molecular biology Evolutionary biology Phylogenetics |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589004225000306 |
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