Integrated Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal the Potential Molecular Mechanism Underlying Callus Browning in <i>Paeonia ostii</i>

Callus browning is a significant problem that hinders plant tissue regeneration <i>in Paeonia ostii</i> “Fengdan” by causing cell death and inhibiting growth. However, the molecular mechanism underlying callus browning in <i>P. ostii</i> remains unclear. In this study, we inv...

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Main Authors: Xiaohui Wen, Wenting Xu, Lili Zhang, Xiaohua Shi, Jianghua Zhou, Huichun Liu, Kaiyuan Zhu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Plants
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/4/560
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author Xiaohui Wen
Wenting Xu
Lili Zhang
Xiaohua Shi
Jianghua Zhou
Huichun Liu
Kaiyuan Zhu
author_facet Xiaohui Wen
Wenting Xu
Lili Zhang
Xiaohua Shi
Jianghua Zhou
Huichun Liu
Kaiyuan Zhu
author_sort Xiaohui Wen
collection DOAJ
description Callus browning is a significant problem that hinders plant tissue regeneration <i>in Paeonia ostii</i> “Fengdan” by causing cell death and inhibiting growth. However, the molecular mechanism underlying callus browning in <i>P. ostii</i> remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the metabolites and potential regulatory genes involved in callus browning of <i>P. ostii</i> using metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses. We found a significant accumulation of phenolic compounds in the browned callus, represented by flavonoid compounds. Notably, the accumulations of luteotin and disomentin were higher in browning calli compared to non-browning calli. Transcriptomic analysis identified that candidate genes associated with flavonoid biosynthesis, including <i>flavonoid 3-hydroxylase</i> (<i>PoF3H</i>) and <i>flavone synthase II</i> (<i>PoFNSII</i>), were highly expressed in the browned callus of <i>P. ostii</i> “Fengdan”. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) further highlighted that <i>polyphenol oxidase</i> (<i>PoPPO</i>) which encoded polyphenol oxidase, together with flavonoid biosynthesis-related genes such as <i>flavanone 3-hydroxylase</i> (<i>PoF3H</i>) and <i>flavonone Synthase II</i> (<i>PoFNSII</i>), as well as cellular totipotency-related genes <i>wuschel-related homeobox 4</i> (<i>PoWOX4</i>), were involved in callus browning. Based on these findings, we proposed the molecular mechanism by which flavonoid accumulation, polyphenol oxidation, and cellular totipotency pathways contribute to callus browning in <i>P. ostii.</i> Our study provides new insights into the molecular mechanism underlying callus browning and offers the foundations to facilitate the establishment of an efficient plant tissue regeneration system in <i>P. ostii</i>.
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spelling doaj-art-e2905dfd51de4a9fa1e1e1b45021c9fd2025-08-20T02:44:56ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-02-0114456010.3390/plants14040560Integrated Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal the Potential Molecular Mechanism Underlying Callus Browning in <i>Paeonia ostii</i>Xiaohui Wen0Wenting Xu1Lili Zhang2Xiaohua Shi3Jianghua Zhou4Huichun Liu5Kaiyuan Zhu6Zhejiang Institute of Landscape Plants and Flowers, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 311251, ChinaZhejiang Institute of Landscape Plants and Flowers, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 311251, ChinaZhejiang Institute of Landscape Plants and Flowers, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 311251, ChinaZhejiang Institute of Landscape Plants and Flowers, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 311251, ChinaZhejiang Institute of Landscape Plants and Flowers, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 311251, ChinaZhejiang Institute of Landscape Plants and Flowers, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 311251, ChinaZhejiang Institute of Landscape Plants and Flowers, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 311251, ChinaCallus browning is a significant problem that hinders plant tissue regeneration <i>in Paeonia ostii</i> “Fengdan” by causing cell death and inhibiting growth. However, the molecular mechanism underlying callus browning in <i>P. ostii</i> remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the metabolites and potential regulatory genes involved in callus browning of <i>P. ostii</i> using metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses. We found a significant accumulation of phenolic compounds in the browned callus, represented by flavonoid compounds. Notably, the accumulations of luteotin and disomentin were higher in browning calli compared to non-browning calli. Transcriptomic analysis identified that candidate genes associated with flavonoid biosynthesis, including <i>flavonoid 3-hydroxylase</i> (<i>PoF3H</i>) and <i>flavone synthase II</i> (<i>PoFNSII</i>), were highly expressed in the browned callus of <i>P. ostii</i> “Fengdan”. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) further highlighted that <i>polyphenol oxidase</i> (<i>PoPPO</i>) which encoded polyphenol oxidase, together with flavonoid biosynthesis-related genes such as <i>flavanone 3-hydroxylase</i> (<i>PoF3H</i>) and <i>flavonone Synthase II</i> (<i>PoFNSII</i>), as well as cellular totipotency-related genes <i>wuschel-related homeobox 4</i> (<i>PoWOX4</i>), were involved in callus browning. Based on these findings, we proposed the molecular mechanism by which flavonoid accumulation, polyphenol oxidation, and cellular totipotency pathways contribute to callus browning in <i>P. ostii.</i> Our study provides new insights into the molecular mechanism underlying callus browning and offers the foundations to facilitate the establishment of an efficient plant tissue regeneration system in <i>P. ostii</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/4/560callus browning<i>P. ostii</i>phenol compoundsflavonoid biosynthesiscellular totipotency regulators
spellingShingle Xiaohui Wen
Wenting Xu
Lili Zhang
Xiaohua Shi
Jianghua Zhou
Huichun Liu
Kaiyuan Zhu
Integrated Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal the Potential Molecular Mechanism Underlying Callus Browning in <i>Paeonia ostii</i>
Plants
callus browning
<i>P. ostii</i>
phenol compounds
flavonoid biosynthesis
cellular totipotency regulators
title Integrated Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal the Potential Molecular Mechanism Underlying Callus Browning in <i>Paeonia ostii</i>
title_full Integrated Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal the Potential Molecular Mechanism Underlying Callus Browning in <i>Paeonia ostii</i>
title_fullStr Integrated Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal the Potential Molecular Mechanism Underlying Callus Browning in <i>Paeonia ostii</i>
title_full_unstemmed Integrated Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal the Potential Molecular Mechanism Underlying Callus Browning in <i>Paeonia ostii</i>
title_short Integrated Metabolomic and Transcriptomic Analyses Reveal the Potential Molecular Mechanism Underlying Callus Browning in <i>Paeonia ostii</i>
title_sort integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal the potential molecular mechanism underlying callus browning in i paeonia ostii i
topic callus browning
<i>P. ostii</i>
phenol compounds
flavonoid biosynthesis
cellular totipotency regulators
url https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/4/560
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