Air Pollution Measurement and Dispersion Simulation Using Remote and In Situ Monitoring Technologies in an Industrial Complex in Busan, South Korea
Rapid industrialization and the influx of human resources have led to the establishment of industrial complexes near urban areas, exposing residents to various air pollutants. This has led to a decline in air quality, impacting neighboring residential areas adversely, which highlights the urgent nee...
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2024-12-01
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| author | Naghmeh Dehkhoda Juhyeon Sim Juseon Shin Sohee Joo Sung Hwan Cho Jeong Hun Kim Youngmin Noh |
| author_facet | Naghmeh Dehkhoda Juhyeon Sim Juseon Shin Sohee Joo Sung Hwan Cho Jeong Hun Kim Youngmin Noh |
| author_sort | Naghmeh Dehkhoda |
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| description | Rapid industrialization and the influx of human resources have led to the establishment of industrial complexes near urban areas, exposing residents to various air pollutants. This has led to a decline in air quality, impacting neighboring residential areas adversely, which highlights the urgent need to monitor air pollution in these areas. Recent advancements in technology, such as Solar Occultation Flux (SOF) and Sky Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (SkyDOAS) used as remote sensing techniques and mobile extraction Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (MeFTIR) used as an in situ technique, now offer enhanced precision in estimating the pollutant emission flux and identifying primary sources. In a comprehensive study conducted in 2020 in the Sinpyeong Jangrim Industrial Complex in Busan City, South Korea, a mobile laboratory equipped with SOF, SkyDOAS, and MeFTIR technologies was employed to approximate the emission flux of total alkanes, sulfur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>), nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>), formaldehyde (HCHO), and methane (CH<sub>4</sub>). Using the HYbrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) diffusion model, pollutant dispersion to residential areas was simulated. The highest average daily emission flux was observed for total alkanes, with values of 69.9 ± 71.6 kg/h and 84.1 ± 85.8 kg/h in zones S<sub>1</sub> and S<sub>2</sub> of the Sinpyeong Jangrim Industrial Complex, respectively. This is primarily due to the prevalence of metal manufacturing and mechanical equipment industries in the area. The HYSPLIT diffusion model confirmed elevated pollution levels in residential areas located southeast of the industrial complex, underscoring the influence of the dominant northwesterly wind direction and wind speed on pollutant dispersion. This highlights the urgent need for targeted interventions to address and mitigate air pollution in downwind residential areas. The total annual emission fluxes were estimated at 399,984 kg/yr and 398,944 kg/yr for zones S<sub>1</sub> and S<sub>2</sub>, respectively. A comparison with the Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers (PRTRs) survey system revealed that the total annual emission fluxes in this study were approximately 24.3 and 4.9 times higher than those reported by PRTRs. This indicates a significant underestimation of the impact of small businesses on local air quality, which was not accounted for in the PRTR survey system. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| spelling | doaj-art-e2742bcae86c461182d2bfcd90d70dbd2024-12-13T16:32:56ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202024-12-012423783610.3390/s24237836Air Pollution Measurement and Dispersion Simulation Using Remote and In Situ Monitoring Technologies in an Industrial Complex in Busan, South KoreaNaghmeh Dehkhoda0Juhyeon Sim1Juseon Shin2Sohee Joo3Sung Hwan Cho4Jeong Hun Kim5Youngmin Noh6Division of Earth Environmental System Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of KoreaDivision of Earth Environmental System Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of KoreaDivision of Earth Environmental System Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of KoreaDivision of Earth Environmental System Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of KoreaAir Pollution Engineering Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Republic of KoreaAir Pollution Engineering Division, National Institute of Environmental Research, Incheon 22689, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Environmental Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of KoreaRapid industrialization and the influx of human resources have led to the establishment of industrial complexes near urban areas, exposing residents to various air pollutants. This has led to a decline in air quality, impacting neighboring residential areas adversely, which highlights the urgent need to monitor air pollution in these areas. Recent advancements in technology, such as Solar Occultation Flux (SOF) and Sky Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (SkyDOAS) used as remote sensing techniques and mobile extraction Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (MeFTIR) used as an in situ technique, now offer enhanced precision in estimating the pollutant emission flux and identifying primary sources. In a comprehensive study conducted in 2020 in the Sinpyeong Jangrim Industrial Complex in Busan City, South Korea, a mobile laboratory equipped with SOF, SkyDOAS, and MeFTIR technologies was employed to approximate the emission flux of total alkanes, sulfur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>), nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>), formaldehyde (HCHO), and methane (CH<sub>4</sub>). Using the HYbrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) diffusion model, pollutant dispersion to residential areas was simulated. The highest average daily emission flux was observed for total alkanes, with values of 69.9 ± 71.6 kg/h and 84.1 ± 85.8 kg/h in zones S<sub>1</sub> and S<sub>2</sub> of the Sinpyeong Jangrim Industrial Complex, respectively. This is primarily due to the prevalence of metal manufacturing and mechanical equipment industries in the area. The HYSPLIT diffusion model confirmed elevated pollution levels in residential areas located southeast of the industrial complex, underscoring the influence of the dominant northwesterly wind direction and wind speed on pollutant dispersion. This highlights the urgent need for targeted interventions to address and mitigate air pollution in downwind residential areas. The total annual emission fluxes were estimated at 399,984 kg/yr and 398,944 kg/yr for zones S<sub>1</sub> and S<sub>2</sub>, respectively. A comparison with the Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers (PRTRs) survey system revealed that the total annual emission fluxes in this study were approximately 24.3 and 4.9 times higher than those reported by PRTRs. This indicates a significant underestimation of the impact of small businesses on local air quality, which was not accounted for in the PRTR survey system.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/23/7836solar occultation flux (SOF)sky differential optical absorption spectroscopy (SkyDOAS)mobile extraction Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (MeFTIR)total alkanessulfur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>)nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>) |
| spellingShingle | Naghmeh Dehkhoda Juhyeon Sim Juseon Shin Sohee Joo Sung Hwan Cho Jeong Hun Kim Youngmin Noh Air Pollution Measurement and Dispersion Simulation Using Remote and In Situ Monitoring Technologies in an Industrial Complex in Busan, South Korea Sensors solar occultation flux (SOF) sky differential optical absorption spectroscopy (SkyDOAS) mobile extraction Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (MeFTIR) total alkanes sulfur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>) nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>) |
| title | Air Pollution Measurement and Dispersion Simulation Using Remote and In Situ Monitoring Technologies in an Industrial Complex in Busan, South Korea |
| title_full | Air Pollution Measurement and Dispersion Simulation Using Remote and In Situ Monitoring Technologies in an Industrial Complex in Busan, South Korea |
| title_fullStr | Air Pollution Measurement and Dispersion Simulation Using Remote and In Situ Monitoring Technologies in an Industrial Complex in Busan, South Korea |
| title_full_unstemmed | Air Pollution Measurement and Dispersion Simulation Using Remote and In Situ Monitoring Technologies in an Industrial Complex in Busan, South Korea |
| title_short | Air Pollution Measurement and Dispersion Simulation Using Remote and In Situ Monitoring Technologies in an Industrial Complex in Busan, South Korea |
| title_sort | air pollution measurement and dispersion simulation using remote and in situ monitoring technologies in an industrial complex in busan south korea |
| topic | solar occultation flux (SOF) sky differential optical absorption spectroscopy (SkyDOAS) mobile extraction Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (MeFTIR) total alkanes sulfur dioxide (SO<sub>2</sub>) nitrogen dioxide (NO<sub>2</sub>) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/24/23/7836 |
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