Do children have insights into their performance in an inhibitory control task?: An explorative study with 9- and 11-year-olds

Accurate self-evaluation of one's performance is a key metacognitive skill that supports self-regulated learning and academic success, yet it develops gradually throughout childhood. This study examined the performance and self-evaluations of performance of 3rd grade (9 years) and 5th grade (11...

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Main Authors: Ebru Ger, Elena Cravet
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-08-01
Series:Acta Psychologica
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001691825004457
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author Ebru Ger
Elena Cravet
author_facet Ebru Ger
Elena Cravet
author_sort Ebru Ger
collection DOAJ
description Accurate self-evaluation of one's performance is a key metacognitive skill that supports self-regulated learning and academic success, yet it develops gradually throughout childhood. This study examined the performance and self-evaluations of performance of 3rd grade (9 years) and 5th grade (11 years) children on an inhibitory control task. An adaptation of the Hearts and Flowers task was used, in which children first solved a congruent (Hearts) block, followed by three incongruent (Flowers) blocks, providing self-evaluation ratings after each Flowers block. We asked 1) whether children's self-evaluations of their performance align with their performance, 2) whether this alignment varies with age, and 3) whether this alignment improves with repeated practice and self-evaluation. Results showed 1) significant prediction of self-evaluations by accuracy, indicating that children's self-evaluations of their performance align with their performance, 2) the strength of this prediction to be greater in 5th graders than 3rd graders across blocks, indicating that this alignment may vary with age, and 3) the strength of this prediction to be greater in the third block compared to the previous blocks for both grades, indicating that this alignment improved with repeated practice. These findings highlight developmental differences in metacognitive abilities, with older children showing stronger performance monitoring. Moreover, these results suggest that structured opportunities for practice and self-evaluation could enhance metacognitive development and inhibitory control performance in 9- and 11-year-old children.
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spelling doaj-art-e2196e2545134f4e8b4530fa02db08712025-08-20T03:08:18ZengElsevierActa Psychologica0001-69182025-08-0125810513210.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105132Do children have insights into their performance in an inhibitory control task?: An explorative study with 9- and 11-year-oldsEbru Ger0Elena Cravet1Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Switzerland; Corresponding author at: University of Bern, Department of Psychology, Fabrikstrasse 8, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.Department of Educational Sciences, University of Genova, ItalyAccurate self-evaluation of one's performance is a key metacognitive skill that supports self-regulated learning and academic success, yet it develops gradually throughout childhood. This study examined the performance and self-evaluations of performance of 3rd grade (9 years) and 5th grade (11 years) children on an inhibitory control task. An adaptation of the Hearts and Flowers task was used, in which children first solved a congruent (Hearts) block, followed by three incongruent (Flowers) blocks, providing self-evaluation ratings after each Flowers block. We asked 1) whether children's self-evaluations of their performance align with their performance, 2) whether this alignment varies with age, and 3) whether this alignment improves with repeated practice and self-evaluation. Results showed 1) significant prediction of self-evaluations by accuracy, indicating that children's self-evaluations of their performance align with their performance, 2) the strength of this prediction to be greater in 5th graders than 3rd graders across blocks, indicating that this alignment may vary with age, and 3) the strength of this prediction to be greater in the third block compared to the previous blocks for both grades, indicating that this alignment improved with repeated practice. These findings highlight developmental differences in metacognitive abilities, with older children showing stronger performance monitoring. Moreover, these results suggest that structured opportunities for practice and self-evaluation could enhance metacognitive development and inhibitory control performance in 9- and 11-year-old children.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001691825004457Performance postdictionsExecutive functionsSelf-evaluationsMonitoringMetacognition
spellingShingle Ebru Ger
Elena Cravet
Do children have insights into their performance in an inhibitory control task?: An explorative study with 9- and 11-year-olds
Acta Psychologica
Performance postdictions
Executive functions
Self-evaluations
Monitoring
Metacognition
title Do children have insights into their performance in an inhibitory control task?: An explorative study with 9- and 11-year-olds
title_full Do children have insights into their performance in an inhibitory control task?: An explorative study with 9- and 11-year-olds
title_fullStr Do children have insights into their performance in an inhibitory control task?: An explorative study with 9- and 11-year-olds
title_full_unstemmed Do children have insights into their performance in an inhibitory control task?: An explorative study with 9- and 11-year-olds
title_short Do children have insights into their performance in an inhibitory control task?: An explorative study with 9- and 11-year-olds
title_sort do children have insights into their performance in an inhibitory control task an explorative study with 9 and 11 year olds
topic Performance postdictions
Executive functions
Self-evaluations
Monitoring
Metacognition
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001691825004457
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AT elenacravet dochildrenhaveinsightsintotheirperformanceinaninhibitorycontroltaskanexplorativestudywith9and11yearolds