Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome: A review
Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) is a chronic disorder characterized by episodes of severe vomiting, alternating with asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic periods. The episodes of emesis tend to be disabling, negatively affecting quality of life. The disorder’s main characteristic is that it...
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Revista de Gastroenterología de México (English Edition) |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2255534X25000581 |
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| Summary: | Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS) is a chronic disorder characterized by episodes of severe vomiting, alternating with asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic periods. The episodes of emesis tend to be disabling, negatively affecting quality of life. The disorder’s main characteristic is that it is associated with previous chronic heavy cannabis use. CHS is similar to cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS), with the exception that the sustained cessation of cannabis use is expected to resolve the vomiting episodes.The average time between the onset of acute CHS episodes and diagnosis ranges from three to six years, based on previously published cases. This delay in the diagnosis reflects a lack of awareness of the condition on the part of physicians. Delayed diagnosis of CHS results in frequent emergency room visits and increased healthcare costs, and the lack of effective treatment leads to poor patient outcomes. The diagnosis is challenging, and some authors have diagnosed CHS when patients had cyclic vomiting, in the context of chronic cannabis use, regardless of the duration of use or the potency of the product used.The aim of this narrative review is to provide a detailed and critical analysis of current knowledge about CHS. The present document focuses on a thorough review of the literature on worldwide cannabis use, the role of the endocannabinoid system in the pathophysiology of CHS, diagnostic criteria, and current management of CHS. Resumen: El síndrome de hiperémesis cannabinoide (SHC) es un trastorno crónico caracterizado por episodios de vómito intenso alternados con periodos asintomáticos o mínimamente sintomáticos. Los episodios de emesis tienden a ser incapacitantes, afectando negativamente la calidad de vida. Su principal característica es que se asocia a un consumo previo intenso y crónico de cannabis. El síndrome de hiperémesis cannabinoide es similar al síndrome de vómitos cíclicos (SVC), salvo que se espera que el cese sostenido del cannabis resuelva los episodios de vómitos.La duración media entre el inicio de los episodios agudos de SHC y el diagnóstico oscila entre los tres y seis años con base en los casos publicados previamente. Este retraso diagnóstico demuestra una falta de concientización de los médicos con respecto a esta enfermedad. El retraso diagnóstico del SHC da lugar a frecuentes visitas al servicio de urgencias, aumenta los costes de la asistencia hospitalaria y la falta de un tratamiento eficaz conduce a una mala evolución de los pacientes. El diagnóstico plantea considerables dificultades y algunos autores diagnostican el SHC en pacientes con vómitos cíclicos y consumo crónico de cannabis, independientemente de la duración o la potencia del consumo.El objetivo de esta revisión narrativa es proporcionar un análisis detallado y crítico de los conocimientos actuales sobre el SHC. Este documento se centrará en una revisión bibliográfica detallada sobre el consumo de cannabis en el mundo, el papel del sistema endocannabinoide en la fisiopatología del SHC, los criterios diagnósticos y el tratamiento actual del SHC. |
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| ISSN: | 2255-534X |