Multi-platform integration of histopathological images and omics data predicts molecular features and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma

BackgroundComputer-aided histopathological image analysis is increasingly used for image evaluation and decision-making in cancer patients. This study extracted quantitative histopathological image features to predict molecular features, and combined them with omics data to predict prognosis of hepa...

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Main Authors: Linyan Chen, Yang Li, Zhiyuan Zhang, Tongshu Yang, Hao Zeng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Oncology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2025.1591165/full
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author Linyan Chen
Yang Li
Zhiyuan Zhang
Tongshu Yang
Hao Zeng
author_facet Linyan Chen
Yang Li
Zhiyuan Zhang
Tongshu Yang
Hao Zeng
author_sort Linyan Chen
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundComputer-aided histopathological image analysis is increasingly used for image evaluation and decision-making in cancer patients. This study extracted quantitative histopathological image features to predict molecular features, and combined them with omics data to predict prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients.MethodsTotally 334 patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas were divided equally into the training and testing sets. Histopathological image features and multiple omics data (somatic mutation, mRNA expression, and protein expression) were used alone or in combination to build prediction models through machine learning. Areas under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) were assessed for 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year overall survival (OS).ResultsHistopathological image features were able to predict somatic mutations: TERT promoter (AUC = 0.926), TP53 (AUC = 0.893), CTNNB1 (AUC = 0.885), ALB (AUC = 0.879), molecular subtypes (AUCs from 0.905 to 0.932), and OS (5-year AUC = 0.819) in the testing set, which also had good performances for OS in the external validation sets of tissue microarrays from 263 patients (5-year AUCs from 0.682 to 0.761). Furthermore, the integrated models of histopathological image features and omics data increased the accuracy of prognosis prediction, especially the multi-platform model that combined all types of features (5-year AUC = 0.904). The risk score based on the multi-platform model was a significant predictor for OS in the testing set (HR = 15.09, p < 0.0001). Additionally, the multi-platform model achieved a higher net benefit in decision curve analysis.ConclusionHistopathological image features had the potential to predict molecular features and survival outcomes, and could be integrated with multiple omics data as a practical tool for prognosis prediction and risk stratification, facilitating personalized medicine for HCC patients.
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series Frontiers in Oncology
spelling doaj-art-e1be245ae2814f6c8c1eff6e4e0e4de12025-08-20T03:51:53ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Oncology2234-943X2025-07-011510.3389/fonc.2025.15911651591165Multi-platform integration of histopathological images and omics data predicts molecular features and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinomaLinyan Chen0Yang Li1Zhiyuan Zhang2Tongshu Yang3Hao Zeng4Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, ChinaDivision of Gastrointestinginal Surgery Ward, Department of General Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, ChinaDepartment of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, ChinaDepartment of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, ChinaDepartment of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, ChinaBackgroundComputer-aided histopathological image analysis is increasingly used for image evaluation and decision-making in cancer patients. This study extracted quantitative histopathological image features to predict molecular features, and combined them with omics data to predict prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients.MethodsTotally 334 patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas were divided equally into the training and testing sets. Histopathological image features and multiple omics data (somatic mutation, mRNA expression, and protein expression) were used alone or in combination to build prediction models through machine learning. Areas under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) were assessed for 1-year, 3-year, and 5-year overall survival (OS).ResultsHistopathological image features were able to predict somatic mutations: TERT promoter (AUC = 0.926), TP53 (AUC = 0.893), CTNNB1 (AUC = 0.885), ALB (AUC = 0.879), molecular subtypes (AUCs from 0.905 to 0.932), and OS (5-year AUC = 0.819) in the testing set, which also had good performances for OS in the external validation sets of tissue microarrays from 263 patients (5-year AUCs from 0.682 to 0.761). Furthermore, the integrated models of histopathological image features and omics data increased the accuracy of prognosis prediction, especially the multi-platform model that combined all types of features (5-year AUC = 0.904). The risk score based on the multi-platform model was a significant predictor for OS in the testing set (HR = 15.09, p < 0.0001). Additionally, the multi-platform model achieved a higher net benefit in decision curve analysis.ConclusionHistopathological image features had the potential to predict molecular features and survival outcomes, and could be integrated with multiple omics data as a practical tool for prognosis prediction and risk stratification, facilitating personalized medicine for HCC patients.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2025.1591165/fullliver cancerhistopathologygenomicstranscriptomicsproteomics
spellingShingle Linyan Chen
Yang Li
Zhiyuan Zhang
Tongshu Yang
Hao Zeng
Multi-platform integration of histopathological images and omics data predicts molecular features and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
Frontiers in Oncology
liver cancer
histopathology
genomics
transcriptomics
proteomics
title Multi-platform integration of histopathological images and omics data predicts molecular features and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
title_full Multi-platform integration of histopathological images and omics data predicts molecular features and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
title_fullStr Multi-platform integration of histopathological images and omics data predicts molecular features and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
title_full_unstemmed Multi-platform integration of histopathological images and omics data predicts molecular features and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
title_short Multi-platform integration of histopathological images and omics data predicts molecular features and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
title_sort multi platform integration of histopathological images and omics data predicts molecular features and prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma
topic liver cancer
histopathology
genomics
transcriptomics
proteomics
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2025.1591165/full
work_keys_str_mv AT linyanchen multiplatformintegrationofhistopathologicalimagesandomicsdatapredictsmolecularfeaturesandprognosisofhepatocellularcarcinoma
AT yangli multiplatformintegrationofhistopathologicalimagesandomicsdatapredictsmolecularfeaturesandprognosisofhepatocellularcarcinoma
AT zhiyuanzhang multiplatformintegrationofhistopathologicalimagesandomicsdatapredictsmolecularfeaturesandprognosisofhepatocellularcarcinoma
AT tongshuyang multiplatformintegrationofhistopathologicalimagesandomicsdatapredictsmolecularfeaturesandprognosisofhepatocellularcarcinoma
AT haozeng multiplatformintegrationofhistopathologicalimagesandomicsdatapredictsmolecularfeaturesandprognosisofhepatocellularcarcinoma