Verification and Usability of Indoor Air Quality Monitoring Tools in the Framework of Health-Related Studies

Indoor air quality (IAQ) significantly impacts human health, particularly in enclosed spaces where people spend most of their time. This study evaluates the performance of low-cost IAQ sensors, focusing on their ability to measure carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) and particulate matter (P...

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Main Authors: Alicia Aguado, Sandra Rodríguez-Sufuentes, Francisco Verdugo, Alberto Rodríguez-López, María Figols, Johannes Dalheimer, Alba Gómez-López, Rubèn González-Colom, Artur Badyda, Jose Fermoso
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Air
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2813-4168/3/1/3
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author Alicia Aguado
Sandra Rodríguez-Sufuentes
Francisco Verdugo
Alberto Rodríguez-López
María Figols
Johannes Dalheimer
Alba Gómez-López
Rubèn González-Colom
Artur Badyda
Jose Fermoso
author_facet Alicia Aguado
Sandra Rodríguez-Sufuentes
Francisco Verdugo
Alberto Rodríguez-López
María Figols
Johannes Dalheimer
Alba Gómez-López
Rubèn González-Colom
Artur Badyda
Jose Fermoso
author_sort Alicia Aguado
collection DOAJ
description Indoor air quality (IAQ) significantly impacts human health, particularly in enclosed spaces where people spend most of their time. This study evaluates the performance of low-cost IAQ sensors, focusing on their ability to measure carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) and particulate matter (PM) under real-world conditions. Measurements provided by these sensors were verified against calibrated reference equipment. The study utilized two commercial devices from inBiot and Kaiterra, comparing their outputs to a reference sensor across a range of CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations (500–1200 ppm) and environmental conditions (21–25 °C, 27–92% RH). Data were analyzed for relative error, temporal stability, and reproducibility. Results indicate strong correlation between low-cost sensors (LCSs) and the reference sensor at lower CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations, with minor deviations at higher levels. Environmental conditions had minimal impact on sensor performance, highlighting robustness to temperature and humidity within the tested ranges. For PM measurements, low-cost sensors effectively tracked trends, but inaccuracies increased with particle concentration. Overall, these findings support the feasibility of using low-cost sensors for non-critical IAQ monitoring, offering an affordable alternative for tracking CO<sub>2</sub> and PM trends. Additionally, LCSs can assess long-term exposure to contaminants, providing insights into potential health risks and useful information for non-expert users.
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spelling doaj-art-e168bc5fd6404feb8a3fb16ce81ec8df2025-08-20T03:10:50ZengMDPI AGAir2813-41682025-01-0131310.3390/air3010003Verification and Usability of Indoor Air Quality Monitoring Tools in the Framework of Health-Related StudiesAlicia Aguado0Sandra Rodríguez-Sufuentes1Francisco Verdugo2Alberto Rodríguez-López3María Figols4Johannes Dalheimer5Alba Gómez-López6Rubèn González-Colom7Artur Badyda8Jose Fermoso9CARTIF Technology Center, 47151 Boecillo, SpainCARTIF Technology Center, 47151 Boecillo, SpainCARTIF Technology Center, 47151 Boecillo, SpainCentro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), 28040 Madrid, SpaininBiot Monitoring, 31192 Mutilva, Spaini2M GmbH, 71636 Ludwigsburg, GermanyInstitut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, 08036 Barcelona, SpainInstitut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, 08036 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Informatics and Environment Quality Research, Warsaw University of Technology, 00-653 Warsaw, PolandCARTIF Technology Center, 47151 Boecillo, SpainIndoor air quality (IAQ) significantly impacts human health, particularly in enclosed spaces where people spend most of their time. This study evaluates the performance of low-cost IAQ sensors, focusing on their ability to measure carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) and particulate matter (PM) under real-world conditions. Measurements provided by these sensors were verified against calibrated reference equipment. The study utilized two commercial devices from inBiot and Kaiterra, comparing their outputs to a reference sensor across a range of CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations (500–1200 ppm) and environmental conditions (21–25 °C, 27–92% RH). Data were analyzed for relative error, temporal stability, and reproducibility. Results indicate strong correlation between low-cost sensors (LCSs) and the reference sensor at lower CO<sub>2</sub> concentrations, with minor deviations at higher levels. Environmental conditions had minimal impact on sensor performance, highlighting robustness to temperature and humidity within the tested ranges. For PM measurements, low-cost sensors effectively tracked trends, but inaccuracies increased with particle concentration. Overall, these findings support the feasibility of using low-cost sensors for non-critical IAQ monitoring, offering an affordable alternative for tracking CO<sub>2</sub> and PM trends. Additionally, LCSs can assess long-term exposure to contaminants, providing insights into potential health risks and useful information for non-expert users.https://www.mdpi.com/2813-4168/3/1/3indoor air qualitycarbon dioxideparticulate mattermonitoring toolslow-cost sensorshealth
spellingShingle Alicia Aguado
Sandra Rodríguez-Sufuentes
Francisco Verdugo
Alberto Rodríguez-López
María Figols
Johannes Dalheimer
Alba Gómez-López
Rubèn González-Colom
Artur Badyda
Jose Fermoso
Verification and Usability of Indoor Air Quality Monitoring Tools in the Framework of Health-Related Studies
Air
indoor air quality
carbon dioxide
particulate matter
monitoring tools
low-cost sensors
health
title Verification and Usability of Indoor Air Quality Monitoring Tools in the Framework of Health-Related Studies
title_full Verification and Usability of Indoor Air Quality Monitoring Tools in the Framework of Health-Related Studies
title_fullStr Verification and Usability of Indoor Air Quality Monitoring Tools in the Framework of Health-Related Studies
title_full_unstemmed Verification and Usability of Indoor Air Quality Monitoring Tools in the Framework of Health-Related Studies
title_short Verification and Usability of Indoor Air Quality Monitoring Tools in the Framework of Health-Related Studies
title_sort verification and usability of indoor air quality monitoring tools in the framework of health related studies
topic indoor air quality
carbon dioxide
particulate matter
monitoring tools
low-cost sensors
health
url https://www.mdpi.com/2813-4168/3/1/3
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