Clothianidin and Thiacloprid Mixture Administration Induces Degenerative Damage in the Dentate Gyrus and Alteration in Short-Term Memory in Rats
Neonicotinoids are pesticides that act as agonists of nicotinic receptors for acetylcholine in insects’ central nervous system (CNS). Chronic exposure to neonicotinoids in humans is related to autism, memory loss, and finger tremor. In this article, we evaluate the effect of subchronic oral administ...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Toxicology |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9983201 |
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| author | Alejandra Mora-Gutiérrez Jorge Guevara Carmen Rubio Minerva Calvillo-Velasco Daniela Silva-Adaya Socorro Retana-Márquez Blanca Espinosa Carmen Martínez-Valenzuela Moisés Rubio-Osornio |
| author_facet | Alejandra Mora-Gutiérrez Jorge Guevara Carmen Rubio Minerva Calvillo-Velasco Daniela Silva-Adaya Socorro Retana-Márquez Blanca Espinosa Carmen Martínez-Valenzuela Moisés Rubio-Osornio |
| author_sort | Alejandra Mora-Gutiérrez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Neonicotinoids are pesticides that act as agonists of nicotinic receptors for acetylcholine in insects’ central nervous system (CNS). Chronic exposure to neonicotinoids in humans is related to autism, memory loss, and finger tremor. In this article, we evaluate the effect of subchronic oral administration of two neonicotinoids in the same mixture: clothianidin and thiacloprid. Decreasing doses of both pesticides were administered to rats starting from the lethal dose 50 (LD50) reported by the manufacturer. Our results indicate that the administration of three doses of decreasing amounts of LD50 (5/10, 4/10, and 3/10 LD50) resulted in 100% death in all cases. Ten administration times of 2/10 LD50 of the mixture caused only 20% of death cases after twenty-seven days, which was determined as a subchronic administration scheme. The animals administered 2/10 LD50 showed behavioral alterations after the first and second administration. Electrographic studies showed abnormal discharge patterns in the CNS. 72 h after the tenth dose, learning and memory tests were performed in the Morris water maze. Our results revealed significant decreases in permanence at the quadrant and the number of crosses (P=0.0447, P=0.0193, respectively), which represent alterations in the short-term memory test, but there were no significant changes in a long-term memory test. Likewise, the brains of these animals showed tissue architecture loss, nucleosomal retraction, and a significant increase in the pycnosis of the granular neurons of the dentate gyrus analyzed at 72 h after the last dose (P=0.0125). Toxic effects and cognitive deterioration that have been found in communities living near contaminated areas are probably related to the agricultural use of neonicotinoids. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e146856e3d15414cbe9ff226649ab58e |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1687-8205 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Toxicology |
| spelling | doaj-art-e146856e3d15414cbe9ff226649ab58e2025-02-03T05:59:59ZengWileyJournal of Toxicology1687-82052021-01-01202110.1155/2021/9983201Clothianidin and Thiacloprid Mixture Administration Induces Degenerative Damage in the Dentate Gyrus and Alteration in Short-Term Memory in RatsAlejandra Mora-Gutiérrez0Jorge Guevara1Carmen Rubio2Minerva Calvillo-Velasco3Daniela Silva-Adaya4Socorro Retana-Márquez5Blanca Espinosa6Carmen Martínez-Valenzuela7Moisés Rubio-Osornio8Departamento de NeuroquímicaDepartamento de BioquímicaDepartamento de NeurofisiologíaLaboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades NeurodegenerativasLaboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades NeurodegenerativasDepartamento de Biología de la ReproducciónDepartamento de BioquímicaUnidad de Investigación en Ambiente y SaludDepartamento de NeuroquímicaNeonicotinoids are pesticides that act as agonists of nicotinic receptors for acetylcholine in insects’ central nervous system (CNS). Chronic exposure to neonicotinoids in humans is related to autism, memory loss, and finger tremor. In this article, we evaluate the effect of subchronic oral administration of two neonicotinoids in the same mixture: clothianidin and thiacloprid. Decreasing doses of both pesticides were administered to rats starting from the lethal dose 50 (LD50) reported by the manufacturer. Our results indicate that the administration of three doses of decreasing amounts of LD50 (5/10, 4/10, and 3/10 LD50) resulted in 100% death in all cases. Ten administration times of 2/10 LD50 of the mixture caused only 20% of death cases after twenty-seven days, which was determined as a subchronic administration scheme. The animals administered 2/10 LD50 showed behavioral alterations after the first and second administration. Electrographic studies showed abnormal discharge patterns in the CNS. 72 h after the tenth dose, learning and memory tests were performed in the Morris water maze. Our results revealed significant decreases in permanence at the quadrant and the number of crosses (P=0.0447, P=0.0193, respectively), which represent alterations in the short-term memory test, but there were no significant changes in a long-term memory test. Likewise, the brains of these animals showed tissue architecture loss, nucleosomal retraction, and a significant increase in the pycnosis of the granular neurons of the dentate gyrus analyzed at 72 h after the last dose (P=0.0125). Toxic effects and cognitive deterioration that have been found in communities living near contaminated areas are probably related to the agricultural use of neonicotinoids.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9983201 |
| spellingShingle | Alejandra Mora-Gutiérrez Jorge Guevara Carmen Rubio Minerva Calvillo-Velasco Daniela Silva-Adaya Socorro Retana-Márquez Blanca Espinosa Carmen Martínez-Valenzuela Moisés Rubio-Osornio Clothianidin and Thiacloprid Mixture Administration Induces Degenerative Damage in the Dentate Gyrus and Alteration in Short-Term Memory in Rats Journal of Toxicology |
| title | Clothianidin and Thiacloprid Mixture Administration Induces Degenerative Damage in the Dentate Gyrus and Alteration in Short-Term Memory in Rats |
| title_full | Clothianidin and Thiacloprid Mixture Administration Induces Degenerative Damage in the Dentate Gyrus and Alteration in Short-Term Memory in Rats |
| title_fullStr | Clothianidin and Thiacloprid Mixture Administration Induces Degenerative Damage in the Dentate Gyrus and Alteration in Short-Term Memory in Rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | Clothianidin and Thiacloprid Mixture Administration Induces Degenerative Damage in the Dentate Gyrus and Alteration in Short-Term Memory in Rats |
| title_short | Clothianidin and Thiacloprid Mixture Administration Induces Degenerative Damage in the Dentate Gyrus and Alteration in Short-Term Memory in Rats |
| title_sort | clothianidin and thiacloprid mixture administration induces degenerative damage in the dentate gyrus and alteration in short term memory in rats |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9983201 |
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