Neurological Soft Signs in Type I Bipolar Disorder and Bipolar Spectrum Patients and Their Unaffected First‐Degree Relatives: A Cross‐Sectional Study
ABSTRACT Background and Aims This study aimed to compare neurological soft signs (NSSs) in type 1 bipolar disorder (BD), bipolar spectrum (BS) patients, and their unaffected first‐degree relatives. Methods This descriptive cross‐sectional study involved participants referred to the Psychiatric Depar...
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Wiley
2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70341 |
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| author | Seyed Saeed Sadr Seyed Mehdi Samimi‐Ardestani Yousef Semnani Narges Adel Faezeh Tajari Nastaran Samani |
| author_facet | Seyed Saeed Sadr Seyed Mehdi Samimi‐Ardestani Yousef Semnani Narges Adel Faezeh Tajari Nastaran Samani |
| author_sort | Seyed Saeed Sadr |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT Background and Aims This study aimed to compare neurological soft signs (NSSs) in type 1 bipolar disorder (BD), bipolar spectrum (BS) patients, and their unaffected first‐degree relatives. Methods This descriptive cross‐sectional study involved participants referred to the Psychiatric Department of Imam Hossein Hospital. Five groups (n = 25): patients with type 1 BD, patients with BS, unaffected first‐degree relatives of the two groups, and a control group were evaluated using the Neurological Evaluation Scale (NES). Results The analysis revealed that patients with bipolar I disorder had the highest NES scores, with significant group differences (F(4.120) = 10.36, p < 0.001). The Bonferroni correction identified bipolar I patients as the primary source of this difference, while other groups did not significantly differ. ANCOVA showed that age (F(1.123) = 3.92, p = 0.052) and gender (F(1.123) = 0.1, p = 0.75) had no significant influence on NES scores. However, all four NES subsets significantly contributed to the overall score, except for the sensory subset. Differences were significant between bipolar I patients and most other groups, except the BS group, which showed no significant differences from the rest. No correlation was found with age, gender, or age of disease onset. Conclusion The higher NSS severity in type I BD compared to BS and control groups highlights its potential link to the genetic and neurodevelopmental differences in BD type I. Further research is recommended. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e13ded2780b24d6f93f79e24a5d45dcb |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2398-8835 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
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| series | Health Science Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-e13ded2780b24d6f93f79e24a5d45dcb2025-01-29T03:42:40ZengWileyHealth Science Reports2398-88352025-01-0181n/an/a10.1002/hsr2.70341Neurological Soft Signs in Type I Bipolar Disorder and Bipolar Spectrum Patients and Their Unaffected First‐Degree Relatives: A Cross‐Sectional StudySeyed Saeed Sadr0Seyed Mehdi Samimi‐Ardestani1Yousef Semnani2Narges Adel3Faezeh Tajari4Nastaran Samani5Department of Psychiatry Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran IranBehavioral Science Research Center of Imam Hossein Hospital Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran IranBehavioral Science Research Center of Imam Hossein Hospital Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran IranSchool of Medicine, Behavioral Science Research Center of Imam Hossein Hospital Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran IranSchool of Medicine Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran IranSchool of Medicine, Behavioral Science Research Center of Imam Hossein Hospital Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran IranABSTRACT Background and Aims This study aimed to compare neurological soft signs (NSSs) in type 1 bipolar disorder (BD), bipolar spectrum (BS) patients, and their unaffected first‐degree relatives. Methods This descriptive cross‐sectional study involved participants referred to the Psychiatric Department of Imam Hossein Hospital. Five groups (n = 25): patients with type 1 BD, patients with BS, unaffected first‐degree relatives of the two groups, and a control group were evaluated using the Neurological Evaluation Scale (NES). Results The analysis revealed that patients with bipolar I disorder had the highest NES scores, with significant group differences (F(4.120) = 10.36, p < 0.001). The Bonferroni correction identified bipolar I patients as the primary source of this difference, while other groups did not significantly differ. ANCOVA showed that age (F(1.123) = 3.92, p = 0.052) and gender (F(1.123) = 0.1, p = 0.75) had no significant influence on NES scores. However, all four NES subsets significantly contributed to the overall score, except for the sensory subset. Differences were significant between bipolar I patients and most other groups, except the BS group, which showed no significant differences from the rest. No correlation was found with age, gender, or age of disease onset. Conclusion The higher NSS severity in type I BD compared to BS and control groups highlights its potential link to the genetic and neurodevelopmental differences in BD type I. Further research is recommended.https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70341bipolar and related disordersbipolar disorderneurologic manifestations |
| spellingShingle | Seyed Saeed Sadr Seyed Mehdi Samimi‐Ardestani Yousef Semnani Narges Adel Faezeh Tajari Nastaran Samani Neurological Soft Signs in Type I Bipolar Disorder and Bipolar Spectrum Patients and Their Unaffected First‐Degree Relatives: A Cross‐Sectional Study Health Science Reports bipolar and related disorders bipolar disorder neurologic manifestations |
| title | Neurological Soft Signs in Type I Bipolar Disorder and Bipolar Spectrum Patients and Their Unaffected First‐Degree Relatives: A Cross‐Sectional Study |
| title_full | Neurological Soft Signs in Type I Bipolar Disorder and Bipolar Spectrum Patients and Their Unaffected First‐Degree Relatives: A Cross‐Sectional Study |
| title_fullStr | Neurological Soft Signs in Type I Bipolar Disorder and Bipolar Spectrum Patients and Their Unaffected First‐Degree Relatives: A Cross‐Sectional Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Neurological Soft Signs in Type I Bipolar Disorder and Bipolar Spectrum Patients and Their Unaffected First‐Degree Relatives: A Cross‐Sectional Study |
| title_short | Neurological Soft Signs in Type I Bipolar Disorder and Bipolar Spectrum Patients and Their Unaffected First‐Degree Relatives: A Cross‐Sectional Study |
| title_sort | neurological soft signs in type i bipolar disorder and bipolar spectrum patients and their unaffected first degree relatives a cross sectional study |
| topic | bipolar and related disorders bipolar disorder neurologic manifestations |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/hsr2.70341 |
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