Atypical audio-visual neural synchrony and speech processing in early autism

Abstract Background Children with Autism Spectrum disorder (ASD) often exhibit communication difficulties that may stem from basic auditory temporal integration impairment but also be aggravated by an audio-visual integration deficit, resulting in a lack of interest in face-to-face communication. Th...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Xiaoyue Wang, Sophie Bouton, Nada Kojovic, Anne-Lise Giraud, Marie Schaer
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-02-01
Series:Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s11689-025-09593-w
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850190992572940288
author Xiaoyue Wang
Sophie Bouton
Nada Kojovic
Anne-Lise Giraud
Marie Schaer
author_facet Xiaoyue Wang
Sophie Bouton
Nada Kojovic
Anne-Lise Giraud
Marie Schaer
author_sort Xiaoyue Wang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Children with Autism Spectrum disorder (ASD) often exhibit communication difficulties that may stem from basic auditory temporal integration impairment but also be aggravated by an audio-visual integration deficit, resulting in a lack of interest in face-to-face communication. This study addresses whether speech processing anomalies in young autistic children (mean age 3.09-year-old) are associated with alterations of audio-visual temporal integration. Methods We used high-density electroencephalography (HD-EEG) and eye tracking to record brain activity and gaze patterns in 31 children with ASD (6 females) and 33 typically developing (TD) children (11 females), while they watched cartoon videos. Neural responses to temporal audio-visual stimuli were analyzed using Temporal Response Functions model and phase analyses for audiovisual temporal coordination. Results The reconstructability of speech signals from auditory responses was reduced in children with ASD compared to TD, but despite more restricted gaze patterns in ASD it was similar for visual responses in both groups. Speech reception was most strongly affected when visual speech information was also present, an interference that was not seen in TD children. These differences were associated with a broader phase angle distribution (exceeding pi/2) in the EEG theta range in children with ASD, signaling reduced reliability of audio-visual temporal alignment. Conclusion These findings show that speech processing anomalies in ASD do not stand alone and that they are associated already at a very early development stage with audio-visual imbalance with poor auditory response encoding and disrupted audio-visual temporal coordination.
format Article
id doaj-art-e12b2ab5384f46b1bc92180efcaa4d2e
institution OA Journals
issn 1866-1955
language English
publishDate 2025-02-01
publisher BMC
record_format Article
series Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders
spelling doaj-art-e12b2ab5384f46b1bc92180efcaa4d2e2025-08-20T02:15:06ZengBMCJournal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders1866-19552025-02-0117111410.1186/s11689-025-09593-wAtypical audio-visual neural synchrony and speech processing in early autismXiaoyue Wang0Sophie Bouton1Nada Kojovic2Anne-Lise Giraud3Marie Schaer4Auditory Language Group, Department of Basic Neuroscience, University of GenevaInstitut Pasteur, Université Paris Cité, Hearing InstituteAutism Brain & Behavior Lab, Department of Psychiatry, University of GenevaAuditory Language Group, Department of Basic Neuroscience, University of GenevaAutism Brain & Behavior Lab, Department of Psychiatry, University of GenevaAbstract Background Children with Autism Spectrum disorder (ASD) often exhibit communication difficulties that may stem from basic auditory temporal integration impairment but also be aggravated by an audio-visual integration deficit, resulting in a lack of interest in face-to-face communication. This study addresses whether speech processing anomalies in young autistic children (mean age 3.09-year-old) are associated with alterations of audio-visual temporal integration. Methods We used high-density electroencephalography (HD-EEG) and eye tracking to record brain activity and gaze patterns in 31 children with ASD (6 females) and 33 typically developing (TD) children (11 females), while they watched cartoon videos. Neural responses to temporal audio-visual stimuli were analyzed using Temporal Response Functions model and phase analyses for audiovisual temporal coordination. Results The reconstructability of speech signals from auditory responses was reduced in children with ASD compared to TD, but despite more restricted gaze patterns in ASD it was similar for visual responses in both groups. Speech reception was most strongly affected when visual speech information was also present, an interference that was not seen in TD children. These differences were associated with a broader phase angle distribution (exceeding pi/2) in the EEG theta range in children with ASD, signaling reduced reliability of audio-visual temporal alignment. Conclusion These findings show that speech processing anomalies in ASD do not stand alone and that they are associated already at a very early development stage with audio-visual imbalance with poor auditory response encoding and disrupted audio-visual temporal coordination.https://doi.org/10.1186/s11689-025-09593-wAutism spectrum disorders (ASD)Gaze directionSpeech envelopeVisual motionAudio-visualOscillation phase entrainment
spellingShingle Xiaoyue Wang
Sophie Bouton
Nada Kojovic
Anne-Lise Giraud
Marie Schaer
Atypical audio-visual neural synchrony and speech processing in early autism
Journal of Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD)
Gaze direction
Speech envelope
Visual motion
Audio-visual
Oscillation phase entrainment
title Atypical audio-visual neural synchrony and speech processing in early autism
title_full Atypical audio-visual neural synchrony and speech processing in early autism
title_fullStr Atypical audio-visual neural synchrony and speech processing in early autism
title_full_unstemmed Atypical audio-visual neural synchrony and speech processing in early autism
title_short Atypical audio-visual neural synchrony and speech processing in early autism
title_sort atypical audio visual neural synchrony and speech processing in early autism
topic Autism spectrum disorders (ASD)
Gaze direction
Speech envelope
Visual motion
Audio-visual
Oscillation phase entrainment
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s11689-025-09593-w
work_keys_str_mv AT xiaoyuewang atypicalaudiovisualneuralsynchronyandspeechprocessinginearlyautism
AT sophiebouton atypicalaudiovisualneuralsynchronyandspeechprocessinginearlyautism
AT nadakojovic atypicalaudiovisualneuralsynchronyandspeechprocessinginearlyautism
AT annelisegiraud atypicalaudiovisualneuralsynchronyandspeechprocessinginearlyautism
AT marieschaer atypicalaudiovisualneuralsynchronyandspeechprocessinginearlyautism