Cobalt(II) Complexes of 4′–Nitro–Fenamic Acid: Characterization and Biological Evaluation
A nitro-derivative of fenamic acid (4′–nitro–fenamic acid) was synthesized and used as ligand for the synthesis of four Co(II) complexes in the absence or presence of the <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′-donors 2,2′–bipyridylamine, 1,10–phenanthroline and 2,9–dimethyl–1,10–phenanthroline....
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| author | Georgios Malis Antigoni Roussa Efstathia Aikaterini Papantopoulou Stavros Kalogiannis Antonios G. Hatzidimitriou Konstantina C. Fylaktakidou George Psomas |
| author_facet | Georgios Malis Antigoni Roussa Efstathia Aikaterini Papantopoulou Stavros Kalogiannis Antonios G. Hatzidimitriou Konstantina C. Fylaktakidou George Psomas |
| author_sort | Georgios Malis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A nitro-derivative of fenamic acid (4′–nitro–fenamic acid) was synthesized and used as ligand for the synthesis of four Co(II) complexes in the absence or presence of the <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′-donors 2,2′–bipyridylamine, 1,10–phenanthroline and 2,9–dimethyl–1,10–phenanthroline. The characterization of the resultant complexes was performed with diverse techniques (elemental analysis, molar conductivity measurements, IR and UV-vis spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray crystallography). The biological evaluation of the compounds encompassed (i) antioxidant activity via hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) reduction and free radical scavenging; (ii) antimicrobial screening against two Gram-positive and two Gram-negative bacterial strains; (iii) interactions with calf-thymus (CT) DNA; (iv) cleavage of supercoiled pBR322 plasmid DNA (pDNA), in the dark or under UVA/UVB/visible light irradiation; and (v) binding affinity towards bovine and human serum albumins. The antioxidant activity of the compounds against 2,2′–azinobis–(3–ethylbenzothiazoline–6–sulfonic acid) radicals and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> is significant, especially in the case of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. The complexes exhibit adequate antimicrobial activity against the strains tested. The complexes interact with CT DNA through intercalation with binding constants reaching a magnitude of 10<sup>6</sup> M<sup>−1</sup>. The compounds have a significantly enhanced pDNA-cleavage ability under irradiation, showing promising potential as photodynamic therapeutic agents. All compounds can bind tightly and reversibly to both albumins tested. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e1142ae3fe044fb6b19946bc03fbf324 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj-art-e1142ae3fe044fb6b19946bc03fbf3242025-08-20T03:16:35ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-06-013012262110.3390/molecules30122621Cobalt(II) Complexes of 4′–Nitro–Fenamic Acid: Characterization and Biological EvaluationGeorgios Malis0Antigoni Roussa1Efstathia Aikaterini Papantopoulou2Stavros Kalogiannis3Antonios G. Hatzidimitriou4Konstantina C. Fylaktakidou5George Psomas6Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, GreeceLaboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, GreeceDepartment of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Sindos, 57400 Thessalonikis, GreeceDepartment of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, International Hellenic University, Sindos, 57400 Thessalonikis, GreeceLaboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, GreeceLaboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, GreeceLaboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, GreeceA nitro-derivative of fenamic acid (4′–nitro–fenamic acid) was synthesized and used as ligand for the synthesis of four Co(II) complexes in the absence or presence of the <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′-donors 2,2′–bipyridylamine, 1,10–phenanthroline and 2,9–dimethyl–1,10–phenanthroline. The characterization of the resultant complexes was performed with diverse techniques (elemental analysis, molar conductivity measurements, IR and UV-vis spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray crystallography). The biological evaluation of the compounds encompassed (i) antioxidant activity via hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) reduction and free radical scavenging; (ii) antimicrobial screening against two Gram-positive and two Gram-negative bacterial strains; (iii) interactions with calf-thymus (CT) DNA; (iv) cleavage of supercoiled pBR322 plasmid DNA (pDNA), in the dark or under UVA/UVB/visible light irradiation; and (v) binding affinity towards bovine and human serum albumins. The antioxidant activity of the compounds against 2,2′–azinobis–(3–ethylbenzothiazoline–6–sulfonic acid) radicals and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> is significant, especially in the case of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. The complexes exhibit adequate antimicrobial activity against the strains tested. The complexes interact with CT DNA through intercalation with binding constants reaching a magnitude of 10<sup>6</sup> M<sup>−1</sup>. The compounds have a significantly enhanced pDNA-cleavage ability under irradiation, showing promising potential as photodynamic therapeutic agents. All compounds can bind tightly and reversibly to both albumins tested.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/12/2621fenamatestransition metal complexescobalt(II) complexesantioxidant activityantibacterial activityinteraction with DNA |
| spellingShingle | Georgios Malis Antigoni Roussa Efstathia Aikaterini Papantopoulou Stavros Kalogiannis Antonios G. Hatzidimitriou Konstantina C. Fylaktakidou George Psomas Cobalt(II) Complexes of 4′–Nitro–Fenamic Acid: Characterization and Biological Evaluation Molecules fenamates transition metal complexes cobalt(II) complexes antioxidant activity antibacterial activity interaction with DNA |
| title | Cobalt(II) Complexes of 4′–Nitro–Fenamic Acid: Characterization and Biological Evaluation |
| title_full | Cobalt(II) Complexes of 4′–Nitro–Fenamic Acid: Characterization and Biological Evaluation |
| title_fullStr | Cobalt(II) Complexes of 4′–Nitro–Fenamic Acid: Characterization and Biological Evaluation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cobalt(II) Complexes of 4′–Nitro–Fenamic Acid: Characterization and Biological Evaluation |
| title_short | Cobalt(II) Complexes of 4′–Nitro–Fenamic Acid: Characterization and Biological Evaluation |
| title_sort | cobalt ii complexes of 4 nitro fenamic acid characterization and biological evaluation |
| topic | fenamates transition metal complexes cobalt(II) complexes antioxidant activity antibacterial activity interaction with DNA |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/12/2621 |
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