Cobalt(II) Complexes of 4′–Nitro–Fenamic Acid: Characterization and Biological Evaluation
A nitro-derivative of fenamic acid (4′–nitro–fenamic acid) was synthesized and used as ligand for the synthesis of four Co(II) complexes in the absence or presence of the <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′-donors 2,2′–bipyridylamine, 1,10–phenanthroline and 2,9–dimethyl–1,10–phenanthroline....
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/12/2621 |
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| Summary: | A nitro-derivative of fenamic acid (4′–nitro–fenamic acid) was synthesized and used as ligand for the synthesis of four Co(II) complexes in the absence or presence of the <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′-donors 2,2′–bipyridylamine, 1,10–phenanthroline and 2,9–dimethyl–1,10–phenanthroline. The characterization of the resultant complexes was performed with diverse techniques (elemental analysis, molar conductivity measurements, IR and UV-vis spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray crystallography). The biological evaluation of the compounds encompassed (i) antioxidant activity via hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) reduction and free radical scavenging; (ii) antimicrobial screening against two Gram-positive and two Gram-negative bacterial strains; (iii) interactions with calf-thymus (CT) DNA; (iv) cleavage of supercoiled pBR322 plasmid DNA (pDNA), in the dark or under UVA/UVB/visible light irradiation; and (v) binding affinity towards bovine and human serum albumins. The antioxidant activity of the compounds against 2,2′–azinobis–(3–ethylbenzothiazoline–6–sulfonic acid) radicals and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> is significant, especially in the case of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>. The complexes exhibit adequate antimicrobial activity against the strains tested. The complexes interact with CT DNA through intercalation with binding constants reaching a magnitude of 10<sup>6</sup> M<sup>−1</sup>. The compounds have a significantly enhanced pDNA-cleavage ability under irradiation, showing promising potential as photodynamic therapeutic agents. All compounds can bind tightly and reversibly to both albumins tested. |
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| ISSN: | 1420-3049 |