Quantification and characterization of primary biological aerosol particles and microbes aerosolized from Baltic seawater
<p>Primary biological aerosol particles (PBAPs) can influence the climate and affect human health. To investigate the aerosolization of PBAPs by sea spray aerosol (SSA), we conducted ship-based campaigns in the central Baltic Sea near Östergarnsholm in May and August 2021. Using a plunging-jet...
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Copernicus Publications
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/24/13413/2024/acp-24-13413-2024.pdf |
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| author | J. Zinke J. Zinke J. Zinke G. Pereira Freitas G. Pereira Freitas R. A. Foster P. Zieger P. Zieger E. D. Nilsson E. D. Nilsson P. Markuszewski P. Markuszewski P. Markuszewski M. E. Salter M. E. Salter M. E. Salter |
| author_facet | J. Zinke J. Zinke J. Zinke G. Pereira Freitas G. Pereira Freitas R. A. Foster P. Zieger P. Zieger E. D. Nilsson E. D. Nilsson P. Markuszewski P. Markuszewski P. Markuszewski M. E. Salter M. E. Salter M. E. Salter |
| author_sort | J. Zinke |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Primary biological aerosol particles (PBAPs) can influence the climate and affect human health. To investigate the aerosolization of PBAPs by sea spray aerosol (SSA), we conducted ship-based campaigns in the central Baltic Sea near Östergarnsholm in May and August 2021. Using a plunging-jet sea spray simulation chamber filled with local seawater, we performed controlled chamber experiments to collect filters and measure aerosols. We determined the abundance of microbial cells in the chamber air and seawater using staining and fluorescence microscopy, normalizing these values to sodium concentrations to calculate enrichment factors. Our results showed that microbes were enriched in the aerosol by 13 to 488 times compared to the underlying seawater, with no significant enrichment observed in the sea surface microlayer. Microbial abundances obtained through microscopy were compared with estimates of fluorescent PBAPs (fPBAPs) using a single-particle fluorescence spectrometer. We estimated microbial emission fluxes using two independent approaches: (1) applying the enrichment factors derived from this study with mass flux estimates from previous SSA parameterizations and (2) using a scaling approach from a companion study. Both methods produced microbial emission flux estimates that were in good agreement and of the same order of magnitude as previous studies, while fPBAP emission flux estimates were significantly lower. Furthermore, 16S rRNA sequencing identified the diversity of bacteria enriched in the nascent SSA compared to the underlying seawater.</p> |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e113e1e1fa854836bfa8073310d3ebcf |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| spelling | doaj-art-e113e1e1fa854836bfa8073310d3ebcf2025-08-20T02:19:04ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242024-12-0124134131342810.5194/acp-24-13413-2024Quantification and characterization of primary biological aerosol particles and microbes aerosolized from Baltic seawaterJ. Zinke0J. Zinke1J. Zinke2G. Pereira Freitas3G. Pereira Freitas4R. A. Foster5P. Zieger6P. Zieger7E. D. Nilsson8E. D. Nilsson9P. Markuszewski10P. Markuszewski11P. Markuszewski12M. E. Salter13M. E. Salter14M. E. Salter15Department of Environmental Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SwedenBolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Swedennow at: Baltic Sea Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SwedenBolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SwedenBolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SwedenBolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SwedenDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SwedenBolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SwedenInstitute of Oceanology, Polish Academy of Science, Sopot, PolandDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, SwedenBolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Swedennow at: Baltic Sea Centre, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden<p>Primary biological aerosol particles (PBAPs) can influence the climate and affect human health. To investigate the aerosolization of PBAPs by sea spray aerosol (SSA), we conducted ship-based campaigns in the central Baltic Sea near Östergarnsholm in May and August 2021. Using a plunging-jet sea spray simulation chamber filled with local seawater, we performed controlled chamber experiments to collect filters and measure aerosols. We determined the abundance of microbial cells in the chamber air and seawater using staining and fluorescence microscopy, normalizing these values to sodium concentrations to calculate enrichment factors. Our results showed that microbes were enriched in the aerosol by 13 to 488 times compared to the underlying seawater, with no significant enrichment observed in the sea surface microlayer. Microbial abundances obtained through microscopy were compared with estimates of fluorescent PBAPs (fPBAPs) using a single-particle fluorescence spectrometer. We estimated microbial emission fluxes using two independent approaches: (1) applying the enrichment factors derived from this study with mass flux estimates from previous SSA parameterizations and (2) using a scaling approach from a companion study. Both methods produced microbial emission flux estimates that were in good agreement and of the same order of magnitude as previous studies, while fPBAP emission flux estimates were significantly lower. Furthermore, 16S rRNA sequencing identified the diversity of bacteria enriched in the nascent SSA compared to the underlying seawater.</p>https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/24/13413/2024/acp-24-13413-2024.pdf |
| spellingShingle | J. Zinke J. Zinke J. Zinke G. Pereira Freitas G. Pereira Freitas R. A. Foster P. Zieger P. Zieger E. D. Nilsson E. D. Nilsson P. Markuszewski P. Markuszewski P. Markuszewski M. E. Salter M. E. Salter M. E. Salter Quantification and characterization of primary biological aerosol particles and microbes aerosolized from Baltic seawater Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| title | Quantification and characterization of primary biological aerosol particles and microbes aerosolized from Baltic seawater |
| title_full | Quantification and characterization of primary biological aerosol particles and microbes aerosolized from Baltic seawater |
| title_fullStr | Quantification and characterization of primary biological aerosol particles and microbes aerosolized from Baltic seawater |
| title_full_unstemmed | Quantification and characterization of primary biological aerosol particles and microbes aerosolized from Baltic seawater |
| title_short | Quantification and characterization of primary biological aerosol particles and microbes aerosolized from Baltic seawater |
| title_sort | quantification and characterization of primary biological aerosol particles and microbes aerosolized from baltic seawater |
| url | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/24/13413/2024/acp-24-13413-2024.pdf |
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