Measurement report: In-depth characterization of ship emissions during operations in a Mediterranean port
<p>A summertime field campaign was conducted in Marseille, one of the major cruise and ferry ports in the Mediterranean, to provide comprehensive analysis of in-port ship emissions. High-temporal-resolution data were simultaneously collected from two monitoring stations deployed in the port ar...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Copernicus Publications
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/25/6575/2025/acp-25-6575-2025.pdf |
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| Summary: | <p>A summertime field campaign was conducted in Marseille, one of the major cruise and ferry ports in the Mediterranean, to provide comprehensive analysis of in-port ship emissions. High-temporal-resolution data were simultaneously collected from two monitoring stations deployed in the port area to examine the composition in both the gas and the particulate phases. More than 350 individual plumes were captured from a variety of ships and operational phases. Gaseous emissions are predominantly composed of NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub><i>x</i></sub></span> (86 %) and CO (12 %), with SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> and CH<span class="inline-formula"><sub>4</sub></span> each accounting for about 1 %. Although non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) make up less than 0.1 % of the gaseous phase, they can be as high as 10 % under specific operational conditions. Submicron particles (PM<span class="inline-formula"><sub>1</sub></span>) are mainly composed of organics (75 %), black carbon (21 %), and sulfate (4 %) that is not balanced with ammonium. Among the ship-related characteristics investigated, the operational phase is the most influential, with a 3-fold increase in submicron particle (PM<span class="inline-formula"><sub>1</sub></span>) emissions, along with higher relative contributions of black carbon (BC) and sulfate and the detection of vanadium, nickel, and iron during manoeuvring/navigation compared to at berth. Pollutant levels in the port are higher than those found at the urban background site, with average concentrations of NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub><i>x</i></sub></span>, PM<span class="inline-formula"><sub>1</sub></span>, and particle numbers up to twice as high in the port. Analysis of the maximum concentrations reveals that pollutants such as SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> and trace metals, including vanadium and nickel, are 2 to 10 times higher in the port area. This study provides robust support for enhancing source apportionment and emission inventories, both of which are crucial for assessing air, health, and climate impacts of shipping.</p> |
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| ISSN: | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |