Mechanistic investigation of the surface blackening phenomenon in GH3625 nickel-based superalloy
Nickel-based superalloys are extensively used in applications requiring excellent mechanical properties at elevated temperatures. However, the occurrence of surface blackening has led to reduced production efficiency. To investigate the reasons for the surface blackening phenomenon, this study condu...
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Elsevier
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785424028266 |
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| author | Zhicheng Cheng Yan Yang Wenzhu Sun Ao Jiang Ying Han Wei Yu |
| author_facet | Zhicheng Cheng Yan Yang Wenzhu Sun Ao Jiang Ying Han Wei Yu |
| author_sort | Zhicheng Cheng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Nickel-based superalloys are extensively used in applications requiring excellent mechanical properties at elevated temperatures. However, the occurrence of surface blackening has led to reduced production efficiency. To investigate the reasons for the surface blackening phenomenon, this study conducted a comprehensive analysis of the microstructure and composition of blackened samples using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), focused ion beam (FIB), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Additionally, the mechanisms of surface oxidation and carburization are explored through molecular dynamics simulations, examining the impact of different atmospheres on the thickness of the oxide layer and the formation mechanisms of both oxide and carbide layers. A comparative analysis is performed on the annealed surface morphology and microstructure of samples treated with and without oil treatment. The findings reveal that O2/CO2/H2O molecules form oxide and carbide layers through adsorption, bonding, and subsequent diffusion into the Ni matrix. The oxidation process begins with the adsorption and local dissociation of oxygen molecules on the alloy surface, followed by the segregation of Cr atoms and the inward diffusion of oxygen. Residual lubricants from the cold rolling process are identified as the primary sources of carbon and oxygen during subsequent annealing. The primary products of the reaction between the lubricants and the nickel-based alloy are Cr2O3 and NbTiC, which constitute the main phases of the blackened layer. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e0fd23a8cd044b3aa0135cc1ecfae7d7 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2238-7854 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| series | Journal of Materials Research and Technology |
| spelling | doaj-art-e0fd23a8cd044b3aa0135cc1ecfae7d72025-08-20T02:35:26ZengElsevierJournal of Materials Research and Technology2238-78542024-11-01339703971510.1016/j.jmrt.2024.12.023Mechanistic investigation of the surface blackening phenomenon in GH3625 nickel-based superalloyZhicheng Cheng0Yan Yang1Wenzhu Sun2Ao Jiang3Ying Han4Wei Yu5Institute of Engineering Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Nickel and Cobalt Resources Comprehensive Utilization, Jinchang, ChinaInstitute of Engineering Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, ChinaInstitute of Engineering Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, ChinaInstitute of Engineering Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, ChinaInstitute of Engineering Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China; National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Rolling and Intelligent Manufacturing, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China; Corresponding author. Institute of Engineering Technology, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, China.Nickel-based superalloys are extensively used in applications requiring excellent mechanical properties at elevated temperatures. However, the occurrence of surface blackening has led to reduced production efficiency. To investigate the reasons for the surface blackening phenomenon, this study conducted a comprehensive analysis of the microstructure and composition of blackened samples using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), focused ion beam (FIB), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Additionally, the mechanisms of surface oxidation and carburization are explored through molecular dynamics simulations, examining the impact of different atmospheres on the thickness of the oxide layer and the formation mechanisms of both oxide and carbide layers. A comparative analysis is performed on the annealed surface morphology and microstructure of samples treated with and without oil treatment. The findings reveal that O2/CO2/H2O molecules form oxide and carbide layers through adsorption, bonding, and subsequent diffusion into the Ni matrix. The oxidation process begins with the adsorption and local dissociation of oxygen molecules on the alloy surface, followed by the segregation of Cr atoms and the inward diffusion of oxygen. Residual lubricants from the cold rolling process are identified as the primary sources of carbon and oxygen during subsequent annealing. The primary products of the reaction between the lubricants and the nickel-based alloy are Cr2O3 and NbTiC, which constitute the main phases of the blackened layer.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785424028266Nickel-based superalloysBlackened surfaceSurface oxidation behaviorCarburizationMolecular dynamic simulation |
| spellingShingle | Zhicheng Cheng Yan Yang Wenzhu Sun Ao Jiang Ying Han Wei Yu Mechanistic investigation of the surface blackening phenomenon in GH3625 nickel-based superalloy Journal of Materials Research and Technology Nickel-based superalloys Blackened surface Surface oxidation behavior Carburization Molecular dynamic simulation |
| title | Mechanistic investigation of the surface blackening phenomenon in GH3625 nickel-based superalloy |
| title_full | Mechanistic investigation of the surface blackening phenomenon in GH3625 nickel-based superalloy |
| title_fullStr | Mechanistic investigation of the surface blackening phenomenon in GH3625 nickel-based superalloy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mechanistic investigation of the surface blackening phenomenon in GH3625 nickel-based superalloy |
| title_short | Mechanistic investigation of the surface blackening phenomenon in GH3625 nickel-based superalloy |
| title_sort | mechanistic investigation of the surface blackening phenomenon in gh3625 nickel based superalloy |
| topic | Nickel-based superalloys Blackened surface Surface oxidation behavior Carburization Molecular dynamic simulation |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785424028266 |
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