Determinants of gastroesophageal reflux disease, including hookah smoking and opium use- a cross-sectional analysis of 50,000 individuals.
<h4>Background</h4>Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common cause of discomfort and morbidity worldwide. However, information on determinants of GERD from large-scale studies in low- to medium-income countries is limited. We investigated the factors associated with different me...
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| Format: | Article |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2014-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0089256 |
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| author | Farhad Islami Siavosh Nasseri-Moghaddam Akram Pourshams Hossein Poustchi Shahryar Semnani Farin Kamangar Arash Etemadi Shahin Merat Masoud Khoshnia Sanford M Dawsey Paul D Pharoah Paul Brennan Christian C Abnet Paolo Boffetta Reza Malekzadeh |
| author_facet | Farhad Islami Siavosh Nasseri-Moghaddam Akram Pourshams Hossein Poustchi Shahryar Semnani Farin Kamangar Arash Etemadi Shahin Merat Masoud Khoshnia Sanford M Dawsey Paul D Pharoah Paul Brennan Christian C Abnet Paolo Boffetta Reza Malekzadeh |
| author_sort | Farhad Islami |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <h4>Background</h4>Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common cause of discomfort and morbidity worldwide. However, information on determinants of GERD from large-scale studies in low- to medium-income countries is limited. We investigated the factors associated with different measures of GERD symptoms, including frequency, patient-perceived severity, and onset time.<h4>Methods</h4>We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the baseline data from a population-based cohort study of ∼ 50,000 individuals in in Golestan Province, Iran. GERD symptoms in this study included regurgitation and/or heartburn.<h4>Results</h4>Approximately 20% of participants reported at least weekly symptoms. Daily symptoms were less commonly reported by men, those of Turkmen ethnicity, and nass chewers. On the other hand, age, body mass index, alcohol drinking, cigarette smoking, opium use, lower socioeconomic status, and lower physical activity were associated with daily symptoms. Most of these factors showed similar associations with severe symptoms. Women with higher BMI and waist to hip ratio were more likely to report frequent and severe GERD symptoms. Hookah smoking (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.02-1.75) and opium use (OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.55-1.87) were associated with severe symptoms, whereas nass chewing had an inverse association (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.76-0.99). After exclusion of cigarette smokers, hookah smoking was still positively associated and nass chewing was inversely associated with GERD symptoms (all frequencies combined).<h4>Conclusion</h4>GERD is common in this population. The associations of hookah and opium use and inverse association of nass use with GERD symptoms are reported for the first time. Further studies are required to investigate the nature of these associations. Other determinants of GERD were mostly comparable to those reported elsewhere. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e0ea08c20abb4cef927a83e69184fb0e |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2014-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj-art-e0ea08c20abb4cef927a83e69184fb0e2025-08-20T03:10:47ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032014-01-0192e8925610.1371/journal.pone.0089256Determinants of gastroesophageal reflux disease, including hookah smoking and opium use- a cross-sectional analysis of 50,000 individuals.Farhad IslamiSiavosh Nasseri-MoghaddamAkram PourshamsHossein PoustchiShahryar SemnaniFarin KamangarArash EtemadiShahin MeratMasoud KhoshniaSanford M DawseyPaul D PharoahPaul BrennanChristian C AbnetPaolo BoffettaReza Malekzadeh<h4>Background</h4>Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a common cause of discomfort and morbidity worldwide. However, information on determinants of GERD from large-scale studies in low- to medium-income countries is limited. We investigated the factors associated with different measures of GERD symptoms, including frequency, patient-perceived severity, and onset time.<h4>Methods</h4>We performed a cross-sectional analysis of the baseline data from a population-based cohort study of ∼ 50,000 individuals in in Golestan Province, Iran. GERD symptoms in this study included regurgitation and/or heartburn.<h4>Results</h4>Approximately 20% of participants reported at least weekly symptoms. Daily symptoms were less commonly reported by men, those of Turkmen ethnicity, and nass chewers. On the other hand, age, body mass index, alcohol drinking, cigarette smoking, opium use, lower socioeconomic status, and lower physical activity were associated with daily symptoms. Most of these factors showed similar associations with severe symptoms. Women with higher BMI and waist to hip ratio were more likely to report frequent and severe GERD symptoms. Hookah smoking (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.02-1.75) and opium use (OR 1.70, 95% CI 1.55-1.87) were associated with severe symptoms, whereas nass chewing had an inverse association (OR 0.87, 95% CI 0.76-0.99). After exclusion of cigarette smokers, hookah smoking was still positively associated and nass chewing was inversely associated with GERD symptoms (all frequencies combined).<h4>Conclusion</h4>GERD is common in this population. The associations of hookah and opium use and inverse association of nass use with GERD symptoms are reported for the first time. Further studies are required to investigate the nature of these associations. Other determinants of GERD were mostly comparable to those reported elsewhere.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0089256 |
| spellingShingle | Farhad Islami Siavosh Nasseri-Moghaddam Akram Pourshams Hossein Poustchi Shahryar Semnani Farin Kamangar Arash Etemadi Shahin Merat Masoud Khoshnia Sanford M Dawsey Paul D Pharoah Paul Brennan Christian C Abnet Paolo Boffetta Reza Malekzadeh Determinants of gastroesophageal reflux disease, including hookah smoking and opium use- a cross-sectional analysis of 50,000 individuals. PLoS ONE |
| title | Determinants of gastroesophageal reflux disease, including hookah smoking and opium use- a cross-sectional analysis of 50,000 individuals. |
| title_full | Determinants of gastroesophageal reflux disease, including hookah smoking and opium use- a cross-sectional analysis of 50,000 individuals. |
| title_fullStr | Determinants of gastroesophageal reflux disease, including hookah smoking and opium use- a cross-sectional analysis of 50,000 individuals. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Determinants of gastroesophageal reflux disease, including hookah smoking and opium use- a cross-sectional analysis of 50,000 individuals. |
| title_short | Determinants of gastroesophageal reflux disease, including hookah smoking and opium use- a cross-sectional analysis of 50,000 individuals. |
| title_sort | determinants of gastroesophageal reflux disease including hookah smoking and opium use a cross sectional analysis of 50 000 individuals |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0089256 |
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