Next-Generation Potentiometric Sensors: A Review of Flexible and Wearable Technologies
In recent years, the field of wearable sensors has undergone significant evolution, emerging as a pivotal topic of research due to the capacity of such sensors to gather physiological data during various human activities. Transitioning from basic fitness trackers, these sensors are continuously bein...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Biosensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/15/1/51 |
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| author | Mahmoud Abdelwahab Fathy Philippe Bühlmann |
| author_facet | Mahmoud Abdelwahab Fathy Philippe Bühlmann |
| author_sort | Mahmoud Abdelwahab Fathy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In recent years, the field of wearable sensors has undergone significant evolution, emerging as a pivotal topic of research due to the capacity of such sensors to gather physiological data during various human activities. Transitioning from basic fitness trackers, these sensors are continuously being improved, with the ultimate objective to make compact, sophisticated, highly integrated, and adaptable multi-functional devices that seamlessly connect to clothing or the body, and continuously monitor bodily signals without impeding the wearer’s comfort or well-being. Potentiometric sensors, leveraging a range of different solid contact materials, have emerged as a preferred choice for wearable chemical or biological sensors. Nanomaterials play a pivotal role, offering unique properties, such as high conductivity and surface-to-volume ratios. This article provides a review of recent advancements in wearable potentiometric sensors utilizing various solid contacts, with a particular emphasis on nanomaterials. These sensors are employed for precise ion concentration determinations, notably sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, ammonium, and chloride, in human biological fluids. This review highlights two primary applications, that is, (1) the enhancement of athletic performance by continuous monitoring of ion levels in sweat to gauge the athlete’s health status, and (2) the facilitation of clinical diagnosis and preventive healthcare by monitoring the health status of patients, in particular to detect early signs of dehydration, fatigue, and muscle spasms. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e0b9145a249848f5bddf081b65989f78 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2079-6374 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biosensors |
| spelling | doaj-art-e0b9145a249848f5bddf081b65989f782025-01-24T13:25:34ZengMDPI AGBiosensors2079-63742025-01-011515110.3390/bios15010051Next-Generation Potentiometric Sensors: A Review of Flexible and Wearable TechnologiesMahmoud Abdelwahab Fathy0Philippe Bühlmann1Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USADepartment of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USAIn recent years, the field of wearable sensors has undergone significant evolution, emerging as a pivotal topic of research due to the capacity of such sensors to gather physiological data during various human activities. Transitioning from basic fitness trackers, these sensors are continuously being improved, with the ultimate objective to make compact, sophisticated, highly integrated, and adaptable multi-functional devices that seamlessly connect to clothing or the body, and continuously monitor bodily signals without impeding the wearer’s comfort or well-being. Potentiometric sensors, leveraging a range of different solid contact materials, have emerged as a preferred choice for wearable chemical or biological sensors. Nanomaterials play a pivotal role, offering unique properties, such as high conductivity and surface-to-volume ratios. This article provides a review of recent advancements in wearable potentiometric sensors utilizing various solid contacts, with a particular emphasis on nanomaterials. These sensors are employed for precise ion concentration determinations, notably sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, ammonium, and chloride, in human biological fluids. This review highlights two primary applications, that is, (1) the enhancement of athletic performance by continuous monitoring of ion levels in sweat to gauge the athlete’s health status, and (2) the facilitation of clinical diagnosis and preventive healthcare by monitoring the health status of patients, in particular to detect early signs of dehydration, fatigue, and muscle spasms.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/15/1/51wearable sensorspotentiometrysweat analysissport performanceclinical diagnosisionophore |
| spellingShingle | Mahmoud Abdelwahab Fathy Philippe Bühlmann Next-Generation Potentiometric Sensors: A Review of Flexible and Wearable Technologies Biosensors wearable sensors potentiometry sweat analysis sport performance clinical diagnosis ionophore |
| title | Next-Generation Potentiometric Sensors: A Review of Flexible and Wearable Technologies |
| title_full | Next-Generation Potentiometric Sensors: A Review of Flexible and Wearable Technologies |
| title_fullStr | Next-Generation Potentiometric Sensors: A Review of Flexible and Wearable Technologies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Next-Generation Potentiometric Sensors: A Review of Flexible and Wearable Technologies |
| title_short | Next-Generation Potentiometric Sensors: A Review of Flexible and Wearable Technologies |
| title_sort | next generation potentiometric sensors a review of flexible and wearable technologies |
| topic | wearable sensors potentiometry sweat analysis sport performance clinical diagnosis ionophore |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6374/15/1/51 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mahmoudabdelwahabfathy nextgenerationpotentiometricsensorsareviewofflexibleandwearabletechnologies AT philippebuhlmann nextgenerationpotentiometricsensorsareviewofflexibleandwearabletechnologies |