Serotonin release mediates analgesia via opioidergic system and withdrawal symptoms in chronic kratom extract-treated mice
Abstract Background Kratom alleviates pain by activating μu-opioid receptors (MOR), which trigger serotonin release to produce analgesia. Serotonin also interferes drug abuse effect. This study aimed to determine the role of serotonin in kratom-induced pain relief and withdrawal symptoms in mice. Me...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2025-06-01
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| Series: | BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12906-025-04947-2 |
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