Elevated temperature decreases stony coral tissue loss disease transmission, with little effect of nutrients

Abstract Stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) is the deadliest scleractinian coral disease reported, causing significant coral loss in the Western Atlantic reefs. Environmental conditions are known to influence disease dynamics, but determining the specific conditions that exacerbate SCTLD remain...

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Main Authors: Ana M. Palacio-Castro, Nash Soderberg, Zachary Zagon, Kenzie Cooke, Michael S. Studivan, Taylor Gill, Chris Kelble, Tyler Christian, Ian C. Enochs
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06322-0
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author Ana M. Palacio-Castro
Nash Soderberg
Zachary Zagon
Kenzie Cooke
Michael S. Studivan
Taylor Gill
Chris Kelble
Tyler Christian
Ian C. Enochs
author_facet Ana M. Palacio-Castro
Nash Soderberg
Zachary Zagon
Kenzie Cooke
Michael S. Studivan
Taylor Gill
Chris Kelble
Tyler Christian
Ian C. Enochs
author_sort Ana M. Palacio-Castro
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) is the deadliest scleractinian coral disease reported, causing significant coral loss in the Western Atlantic reefs. Environmental conditions are known to influence disease dynamics, but determining the specific conditions that exacerbate SCTLD remains challenging. We developed a robotic multi-stressor system to study the effects of temperature and ammonium on SCTLD transmission. For a month, coral fragments were preconditioned to two temperatures (28 °C and 31 °C) and nutrient treatments (with and without ammonium dosing), and subsequently exposed to SCTLD. Environmental treatments only caused modest effects in the corals (based on calcification, photochemical efficiency, and symbiotic algal communities). However, SCTLD incidence was strongly reduced at higher temperature (17% at 31 °C compared to 70% at 28 °C), contrasting with other coral diseases that typically worsen with increased heat. Disease management approaches may involve concentrating SCTLD treatment efforts during warmer periods when reduced incidence might enhance treatment efficacy.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2045-2322
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publishDate 2025-07-01
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series Scientific Reports
spelling doaj-art-e099aa2b2971463e80cf0fdf4792e8bf2025-08-20T03:45:30ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-07-0115111310.1038/s41598-025-06322-0Elevated temperature decreases stony coral tissue loss disease transmission, with little effect of nutrientsAna M. Palacio-Castro0Nash Soderberg1Zachary Zagon2Kenzie Cooke3Michael S. Studivan4Taylor Gill5Chris Kelble6Tyler Christian7Ian C. Enochs8Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric StudiesCooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric StudiesCooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric StudiesCooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric StudiesCooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric StudiesCooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric StudiesNOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological LaboratoryCooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric StudiesNOAA Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological LaboratoryAbstract Stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) is the deadliest scleractinian coral disease reported, causing significant coral loss in the Western Atlantic reefs. Environmental conditions are known to influence disease dynamics, but determining the specific conditions that exacerbate SCTLD remains challenging. We developed a robotic multi-stressor system to study the effects of temperature and ammonium on SCTLD transmission. For a month, coral fragments were preconditioned to two temperatures (28 °C and 31 °C) and nutrient treatments (with and without ammonium dosing), and subsequently exposed to SCTLD. Environmental treatments only caused modest effects in the corals (based on calcification, photochemical efficiency, and symbiotic algal communities). However, SCTLD incidence was strongly reduced at higher temperature (17% at 31 °C compared to 70% at 28 °C), contrasting with other coral diseases that typically worsen with increased heat. Disease management approaches may involve concentrating SCTLD treatment efforts during warmer periods when reduced incidence might enhance treatment efficacy.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06322-0Coral diseaseHigh temperatureNutrientsMultiple stressorsDisease transmissionOrbicella faveolata
spellingShingle Ana M. Palacio-Castro
Nash Soderberg
Zachary Zagon
Kenzie Cooke
Michael S. Studivan
Taylor Gill
Chris Kelble
Tyler Christian
Ian C. Enochs
Elevated temperature decreases stony coral tissue loss disease transmission, with little effect of nutrients
Scientific Reports
Coral disease
High temperature
Nutrients
Multiple stressors
Disease transmission
Orbicella faveolata
title Elevated temperature decreases stony coral tissue loss disease transmission, with little effect of nutrients
title_full Elevated temperature decreases stony coral tissue loss disease transmission, with little effect of nutrients
title_fullStr Elevated temperature decreases stony coral tissue loss disease transmission, with little effect of nutrients
title_full_unstemmed Elevated temperature decreases stony coral tissue loss disease transmission, with little effect of nutrients
title_short Elevated temperature decreases stony coral tissue loss disease transmission, with little effect of nutrients
title_sort elevated temperature decreases stony coral tissue loss disease transmission with little effect of nutrients
topic Coral disease
High temperature
Nutrients
Multiple stressors
Disease transmission
Orbicella faveolata
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-06322-0
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