A Study of Volatile Organic Compounds in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea
<b>Background</b>: Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a prevalent sleep disorder characterized by intermittent upper airway obstruction, leading to significant health consequences. Traditional diagnostic methods, such as polysomnography, are time-consuming and resource-intensive. <b>...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Chuan Hao Gui Zhunan Jia Zihao Xing Fuchang Zhang Fang Du Alex Chengyao Tham Ming Yann Lim Yaw Khian Chong Agnes Si Qi Chew Khai Beng Chong |
| author_facet | Chuan Hao Gui Zhunan Jia Zihao Xing Fuchang Zhang Fang Du Alex Chengyao Tham Ming Yann Lim Yaw Khian Chong Agnes Si Qi Chew Khai Beng Chong |
| author_sort | Chuan Hao Gui |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Background</b>: Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a prevalent sleep disorder characterized by intermittent upper airway obstruction, leading to significant health consequences. Traditional diagnostic methods, such as polysomnography, are time-consuming and resource-intensive. <b>Objectives</b>: This study explores the potential of proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) in identifying volatile organic compound (VOC) biomarkers for the non-invasive detection of OSA. <b>Methods</b>: Breath samples from 89 participants, including 49 OSA patients and 40 controls, were analyzed using PTR-MS. Significance analysis was performed between OSA patients and controls to identify potential biomarkers for OSA. To as-sess the differences in VOC concentrations between OSA patients and control subjects, the Wilcoxon rank-sum test was employed. partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) analysis and heatmap plot was conducted to visualize the differentiation between OSA patients and control subjects based on their VOC profiles.In order to further investigate the correlation between identified biomarkers and the severity of OSA measured by Apnea–Hypopnea Index (AHI), regression analysis was conducted between biomarkers and AHI Index. <b>Results</b>: The results identified specific VOCs, including m045 (acetaldehyde), m095.950, and m097.071, which showed significant differences between OSA patients and controls. Advanced statistical analyses, including PLS-DA and correlation mapping, highlighted the robustness of these biomarkers, with m045 (acetaldehyde) specifically emerging as a potential biomarker associated with the AHI Index. <b>Conclusions</b>: This study underscores the potential of VOCs as biomarkers for identifying patients with severe AHI levels. The analysis of VOCs using PTR-MS presents a rapid, non-invasive, and cost-effective method that could be seamlessly integrated into clinical practice, allowing clinicians to better stratify patients based on their need for polysomnography and prioritize those requiring earlier testing. Future studies are necessary to validate these findings in larger cohorts and to explore the integration of PTR-MS with other diagnostic modalities for improved accuracy and clinical utility. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e0855d3cfb874694bfdbb3d2ddf76586 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2218-1989 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metabolites |
| spelling | doaj-art-e0855d3cfb874694bfdbb3d2ddf765862025-01-24T13:41:16ZengMDPI AGMetabolites2218-19892025-01-011514210.3390/metabo15010042A Study of Volatile Organic Compounds in Patients with Obstructive Sleep ApneaChuan Hao Gui0Zhunan Jia1Zihao Xing2Fuchang Zhang3Fang Du4Alex Chengyao Tham5Ming Yann Lim6Yaw Khian Chong7Agnes Si Qi Chew8Khai Beng Chong9Tan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jln Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433, SingaporeBreathonix Pte Ltd., Block 71 Ayer Rajah Crescent, #05-19/20/21, Singapore 139951, SingaporeBreathonix Pte Ltd., Block 71 Ayer Rajah Crescent, #05-19/20/21, Singapore 139951, SingaporeBreathonix Pte Ltd., Block 71 Ayer Rajah Crescent, #05-19/20/21, Singapore 139951, SingaporeBreathonix Pte Ltd., Block 71 Ayer Rajah Crescent, #05-19/20/21, Singapore 139951, SingaporeTan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jln Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433, SingaporeTan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jln Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433, SingaporeTan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jln Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433, SingaporeTan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jln Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433, SingaporeTan Tock Seng Hospital, 11 Jln Tan Tock Seng, Singapore 308433, Singapore<b>Background</b>: Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a prevalent sleep disorder characterized by intermittent upper airway obstruction, leading to significant health consequences. Traditional diagnostic methods, such as polysomnography, are time-consuming and resource-intensive. <b>Objectives</b>: This study explores the potential of proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) in identifying volatile organic compound (VOC) biomarkers for the non-invasive detection of OSA. <b>Methods</b>: Breath samples from 89 participants, including 49 OSA patients and 40 controls, were analyzed using PTR-MS. Significance analysis was performed between OSA patients and controls to identify potential biomarkers for OSA. To as-sess the differences in VOC concentrations between OSA patients and control subjects, the Wilcoxon rank-sum test was employed. partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) analysis and heatmap plot was conducted to visualize the differentiation between OSA patients and control subjects based on their VOC profiles.In order to further investigate the correlation between identified biomarkers and the severity of OSA measured by Apnea–Hypopnea Index (AHI), regression analysis was conducted between biomarkers and AHI Index. <b>Results</b>: The results identified specific VOCs, including m045 (acetaldehyde), m095.950, and m097.071, which showed significant differences between OSA patients and controls. Advanced statistical analyses, including PLS-DA and correlation mapping, highlighted the robustness of these biomarkers, with m045 (acetaldehyde) specifically emerging as a potential biomarker associated with the AHI Index. <b>Conclusions</b>: This study underscores the potential of VOCs as biomarkers for identifying patients with severe AHI levels. The analysis of VOCs using PTR-MS presents a rapid, non-invasive, and cost-effective method that could be seamlessly integrated into clinical practice, allowing clinicians to better stratify patients based on their need for polysomnography and prioritize those requiring earlier testing. Future studies are necessary to validate these findings in larger cohorts and to explore the integration of PTR-MS with other diagnostic modalities for improved accuracy and clinical utility.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/15/1/42clinical diagnosticsPTR-MSbreath analysisobstructive sleep apneabiomarkers |
| spellingShingle | Chuan Hao Gui Zhunan Jia Zihao Xing Fuchang Zhang Fang Du Alex Chengyao Tham Ming Yann Lim Yaw Khian Chong Agnes Si Qi Chew Khai Beng Chong A Study of Volatile Organic Compounds in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Metabolites clinical diagnostics PTR-MS breath analysis obstructive sleep apnea biomarkers |
| title | A Study of Volatile Organic Compounds in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea |
| title_full | A Study of Volatile Organic Compounds in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea |
| title_fullStr | A Study of Volatile Organic Compounds in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Study of Volatile Organic Compounds in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea |
| title_short | A Study of Volatile Organic Compounds in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea |
| title_sort | study of volatile organic compounds in patients with obstructive sleep apnea |
| topic | clinical diagnostics PTR-MS breath analysis obstructive sleep apnea biomarkers |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/15/1/42 |
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