Examining the Relationship Between Resilience, Mental Health and Fitness Outcomes in Firefighters

<b>Background</b>: Firefighters have an increased risk of both mental and physical health conditions due to experiencing various forms of extreme stress regularly. High levels of resiliency may help firefighters overcome stressful situations and promote better mental and physical health....

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Main Authors: Daniel R. Greene, A. Maleah Holland-Winkler, Austin A. Kohler, William R. Kinnaird
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5142/10/2/142
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author Daniel R. Greene
A. Maleah Holland-Winkler
Austin A. Kohler
William R. Kinnaird
author_facet Daniel R. Greene
A. Maleah Holland-Winkler
Austin A. Kohler
William R. Kinnaird
author_sort Daniel R. Greene
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background</b>: Firefighters have an increased risk of both mental and physical health conditions due to experiencing various forms of extreme stress regularly. High levels of resiliency may help firefighters overcome stressful situations and promote better mental and physical health. <b>Objectives</b>: The primary aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between resilience and other psychological variables. The secondary aim was to determine the relationship between psychological variables and firefighter fitness outcomes. <b>Methods</b>: Participants included 79 full-time male firefighters with a mean age of 35.9. They completed the following psychological questionnaires in this order: PTSD checklist for DSM-5, Dispositional Resilience Scale 15-item, State–Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults and Beck Depression Inventory. They completed the following fitness tests in this order: maximum number of push-ups in two minutes, maximum time holding a plank and minimum time completing running and/or walking 1.5 miles. <b>Results</b>: Resilience was correlated with and predicted significant variance in depression, trait anxiety, state anxiety and PTSD symptoms in firefighters (all <i>p</i>’s < 0.025). Further, all psychological variables were significantly correlated with and predictive of each other. However, only scores on the Beck Depression Inventory were associated with push-ups completed (<i>p</i> = 0.014). No other psychological variable was related to fitness outcomes in firefighters. <b>Conclusions</b>: This study demonstrated resilience was significantly related to anxiety, depressive symptoms and PSTD symptoms in firefighters but not fitness outcomes. This highlights the protective effects of resilience on mental health, but future work needs to explore other psychological mechanisms to predict physiological performance variables in firefighters.
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spelling doaj-art-e07f9afbee2a47fe8d8e2779a91255b52025-08-20T02:21:07ZengMDPI AGJournal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology2411-51422025-04-0110214210.3390/jfmk10020142Examining the Relationship Between Resilience, Mental Health and Fitness Outcomes in FirefightersDaniel R. Greene0A. Maleah Holland-Winkler1Austin A. Kohler2William R. Kinnaird3Department of Kinesiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30909, USADepartment of Kinesiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30909, USADepartment of Kinesiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30909, USADepartment of Kinesiology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30909, USA<b>Background</b>: Firefighters have an increased risk of both mental and physical health conditions due to experiencing various forms of extreme stress regularly. High levels of resiliency may help firefighters overcome stressful situations and promote better mental and physical health. <b>Objectives</b>: The primary aim of the present study was to examine the relationship between resilience and other psychological variables. The secondary aim was to determine the relationship between psychological variables and firefighter fitness outcomes. <b>Methods</b>: Participants included 79 full-time male firefighters with a mean age of 35.9. They completed the following psychological questionnaires in this order: PTSD checklist for DSM-5, Dispositional Resilience Scale 15-item, State–Trait Anxiety Inventory for Adults and Beck Depression Inventory. They completed the following fitness tests in this order: maximum number of push-ups in two minutes, maximum time holding a plank and minimum time completing running and/or walking 1.5 miles. <b>Results</b>: Resilience was correlated with and predicted significant variance in depression, trait anxiety, state anxiety and PTSD symptoms in firefighters (all <i>p</i>’s < 0.025). Further, all psychological variables were significantly correlated with and predictive of each other. However, only scores on the Beck Depression Inventory were associated with push-ups completed (<i>p</i> = 0.014). No other psychological variable was related to fitness outcomes in firefighters. <b>Conclusions</b>: This study demonstrated resilience was significantly related to anxiety, depressive symptoms and PSTD symptoms in firefighters but not fitness outcomes. This highlights the protective effects of resilience on mental health, but future work needs to explore other psychological mechanisms to predict physiological performance variables in firefighters.https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5142/10/2/142psychologicalstressanxietydepressionPTSDphysical fitness
spellingShingle Daniel R. Greene
A. Maleah Holland-Winkler
Austin A. Kohler
William R. Kinnaird
Examining the Relationship Between Resilience, Mental Health and Fitness Outcomes in Firefighters
Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology
psychological
stress
anxiety
depression
PTSD
physical fitness
title Examining the Relationship Between Resilience, Mental Health and Fitness Outcomes in Firefighters
title_full Examining the Relationship Between Resilience, Mental Health and Fitness Outcomes in Firefighters
title_fullStr Examining the Relationship Between Resilience, Mental Health and Fitness Outcomes in Firefighters
title_full_unstemmed Examining the Relationship Between Resilience, Mental Health and Fitness Outcomes in Firefighters
title_short Examining the Relationship Between Resilience, Mental Health and Fitness Outcomes in Firefighters
title_sort examining the relationship between resilience mental health and fitness outcomes in firefighters
topic psychological
stress
anxiety
depression
PTSD
physical fitness
url https://www.mdpi.com/2411-5142/10/2/142
work_keys_str_mv AT danielrgreene examiningtherelationshipbetweenresiliencementalhealthandfitnessoutcomesinfirefighters
AT amaleahhollandwinkler examiningtherelationshipbetweenresiliencementalhealthandfitnessoutcomesinfirefighters
AT austinakohler examiningtherelationshipbetweenresiliencementalhealthandfitnessoutcomesinfirefighters
AT williamrkinnaird examiningtherelationshipbetweenresiliencementalhealthandfitnessoutcomesinfirefighters