Assessment of Bacterial Community Structure, Associated Functional Role, and Water Health in Full-Scale Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants
The present study collected wastewater samples from fourteen (14) full-scale wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) at different treatment stages, namely, primary, secondary, and tertiary, to understand the impact of WWTP processes on the bacterial community structure, their role, and their correlation...
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2024-12-01
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| author | Inderjeet Tyagi Kaomud Tyagi Faheem Ahamad Rakesh Bhutiani Vikas Kumar |
| author_facet | Inderjeet Tyagi Kaomud Tyagi Faheem Ahamad Rakesh Bhutiani Vikas Kumar |
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| description | The present study collected wastewater samples from fourteen (14) full-scale wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) at different treatment stages, namely, primary, secondary, and tertiary, to understand the impact of WWTP processes on the bacterial community structure, their role, and their correlation with environmental variables (water quality parameters). The findings showed that the bacterial communities in the primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment stages are more or less similar. They are made up of 42 phyla, 84 classes, 154 orders, 212 families, and 268 genera. <i>Proteobacteria</i>, <i>Bacteroidetes</i>, <i>Cloacimonetes</i>, <i>Firmicutes</i>, <i>Euryarchaeota</i>, <i>Verrucomicrobia</i>, <i>Cyanobacteria</i>, <i>Desulfomicrobium</i>, <i>Thauera</i>, <i>Zavarzinia</i>, and <i>Nitrospirae</i>, among others, dominated the bacterial community structure in all treatment stages. The biochemical oxygen demand was 7–12 times, chemical oxygen demand (COD) was 6 times, and total suspended solids (TSS) was 3.5 times higher in the wastewater than what the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) in New Delhi, India, allows as standard discharge. The correlation analysis using the Pearson r matrix and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) also confirmed the fact that these water quality parameters (especially BOD and COD) play a pivotal role in deciphering the community structure in WWTPs. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e075837112f141e9b0952c2f571ee455 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2305-6304 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
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| series | Toxics |
| spelling | doaj-art-e075837112f141e9b0952c2f571ee4552025-01-24T13:50:53ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042024-12-01131310.3390/toxics13010003Assessment of Bacterial Community Structure, Associated Functional Role, and Water Health in Full-Scale Municipal Wastewater Treatment PlantsInderjeet Tyagi0Kaomud Tyagi1Faheem Ahamad2Rakesh Bhutiani3Vikas Kumar4Centre for DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata 700053, West Bengal, IndiaCentre for DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata 700053, West Bengal, IndiaDepartment of Environmental Science, Keral Verma Subharti College of Science (KVSCOS), Swami Vivekanand Subharti University, Meerut 250005, Uttar Pradesh, IndiaDepartment of Environmental Science, Gurukul Kangri (Deemed to be University), Hardwar 249404, Uttrakhand, IndiaCentre for DNA Taxonomy, Molecular Systematics Division, Zoological Survey of India, Kolkata 700053, West Bengal, IndiaThe present study collected wastewater samples from fourteen (14) full-scale wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) at different treatment stages, namely, primary, secondary, and tertiary, to understand the impact of WWTP processes on the bacterial community structure, their role, and their correlation with environmental variables (water quality parameters). The findings showed that the bacterial communities in the primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment stages are more or less similar. They are made up of 42 phyla, 84 classes, 154 orders, 212 families, and 268 genera. <i>Proteobacteria</i>, <i>Bacteroidetes</i>, <i>Cloacimonetes</i>, <i>Firmicutes</i>, <i>Euryarchaeota</i>, <i>Verrucomicrobia</i>, <i>Cyanobacteria</i>, <i>Desulfomicrobium</i>, <i>Thauera</i>, <i>Zavarzinia</i>, and <i>Nitrospirae</i>, among others, dominated the bacterial community structure in all treatment stages. The biochemical oxygen demand was 7–12 times, chemical oxygen demand (COD) was 6 times, and total suspended solids (TSS) was 3.5 times higher in the wastewater than what the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) in New Delhi, India, allows as standard discharge. The correlation analysis using the Pearson r matrix and canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) also confirmed the fact that these water quality parameters (especially BOD and COD) play a pivotal role in deciphering the community structure in WWTPs.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/1/3wastewater treatment plantsbacterial diversityfunctional annotationsenvironmental variablescorrelationsustainable development goals |
| spellingShingle | Inderjeet Tyagi Kaomud Tyagi Faheem Ahamad Rakesh Bhutiani Vikas Kumar Assessment of Bacterial Community Structure, Associated Functional Role, and Water Health in Full-Scale Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants Toxics wastewater treatment plants bacterial diversity functional annotations environmental variables correlation sustainable development goals |
| title | Assessment of Bacterial Community Structure, Associated Functional Role, and Water Health in Full-Scale Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants |
| title_full | Assessment of Bacterial Community Structure, Associated Functional Role, and Water Health in Full-Scale Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants |
| title_fullStr | Assessment of Bacterial Community Structure, Associated Functional Role, and Water Health in Full-Scale Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of Bacterial Community Structure, Associated Functional Role, and Water Health in Full-Scale Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants |
| title_short | Assessment of Bacterial Community Structure, Associated Functional Role, and Water Health in Full-Scale Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants |
| title_sort | assessment of bacterial community structure associated functional role and water health in full scale municipal wastewater treatment plants |
| topic | wastewater treatment plants bacterial diversity functional annotations environmental variables correlation sustainable development goals |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/13/1/3 |
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