Exploring the Potential Effectiveness of <i>Croton tiglium</i> Oil and Its Nano-Emulsion on <i>Earias insulana</i> (Lepidoptera: Nolidae)
<i>Earias insulana Boisd.</i> (Lepidoptera: Nolidae) is a major pest of cotton and other crops in Egypt, and the widespread use of insecticides has led to resistance. This study evaluates, for the first time, the bioactivity of <i>Croton tiglium</i> (Malpighiales: Euphorbiace...
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2025-01-01
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| Series: | Insects |
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| author | Karima S. Khater Marwa M. Abd-Elrhmman Zeinab M. E. A. Said Ali A. El-Sayed Abdelhadi A. I. Ali Lamya Ahmed Alkeridis Laila A. Al-Shuraym Jingwen Wang Qichun Zhang Ahmed A. A. Aioub |
| author_facet | Karima S. Khater Marwa M. Abd-Elrhmman Zeinab M. E. A. Said Ali A. El-Sayed Abdelhadi A. I. Ali Lamya Ahmed Alkeridis Laila A. Al-Shuraym Jingwen Wang Qichun Zhang Ahmed A. A. Aioub |
| author_sort | Karima S. Khater |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Earias insulana Boisd.</i> (Lepidoptera: Nolidae) is a major pest of cotton and other crops in Egypt, and the widespread use of insecticides has led to resistance. This study evaluates, for the first time, the bioactivity of <i>Croton tiglium</i> (Malpighiales: Euphorbiaceae) oil and its nano-emulsion (CTNE) against 25 newly hatched larvae of <i>E. insulana</i> Boisd. We assessed their biological effects across different developmental stages and performed histological and ultrastructural examinations. Gas–liquid chromatography (GLC) identified several bioactive compounds in <i>C. tiglium</i> oil crushed dry seeds, including fatty acids, hydrocarbons, and sterols. CTNE showed excellent quality with a zeta potential of −17.7 mV, an average particle size of 54.28 nm, and spherical droplets of 42.42 nm in diameter. The LC<sub>50</sub> values for <i>C. tiglium</i> oil and CTNE were 9.02% and 2.70%, respectively. Both treatments significantly impacted the biological characteristics of <i>E. insulana</i> Boisd., including reduced larval and pupal weight, lower adult emergence, decreased fecundity, and increased mortality. Histologically, there was epithelial cell hypotrophy and detachment, while ultrastructural damage included chromatin condensation, nuclear envelope folding, and mitochondrial damage, indicating apoptotic degeneration. These findings suggest <i>C. tiglium</i> oil and CTNE as potential, safe alternatives to chemical insecticides. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e06d1286a91c424c9754dc6312015bda |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj-art-e06d1286a91c424c9754dc6312015bda2025-01-24T13:35:47ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502025-01-011617210.3390/insects16010072Exploring the Potential Effectiveness of <i>Croton tiglium</i> Oil and Its Nano-Emulsion on <i>Earias insulana</i> (Lepidoptera: Nolidae)Karima S. Khater0Marwa M. Abd-Elrhmman1Zeinab M. E. A. Said2Ali A. El-Sayed3Abdelhadi A. I. Ali4Lamya Ahmed Alkeridis5Laila A. Al-Shuraym6Jingwen Wang7Qichun Zhang8Ahmed A. A. Aioub9Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, EgyptPlant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12618, EgyptZoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, EgyptPlant Protection Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Dokki, Giza 12618, EgyptPlant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, EgyptDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi ArabiaAgricultural Technology Extension Center of Hangzhou, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaZhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Zhejiang University, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, ChinaPlant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt<i>Earias insulana Boisd.</i> (Lepidoptera: Nolidae) is a major pest of cotton and other crops in Egypt, and the widespread use of insecticides has led to resistance. This study evaluates, for the first time, the bioactivity of <i>Croton tiglium</i> (Malpighiales: Euphorbiaceae) oil and its nano-emulsion (CTNE) against 25 newly hatched larvae of <i>E. insulana</i> Boisd. We assessed their biological effects across different developmental stages and performed histological and ultrastructural examinations. Gas–liquid chromatography (GLC) identified several bioactive compounds in <i>C. tiglium</i> oil crushed dry seeds, including fatty acids, hydrocarbons, and sterols. CTNE showed excellent quality with a zeta potential of −17.7 mV, an average particle size of 54.28 nm, and spherical droplets of 42.42 nm in diameter. The LC<sub>50</sub> values for <i>C. tiglium</i> oil and CTNE were 9.02% and 2.70%, respectively. Both treatments significantly impacted the biological characteristics of <i>E. insulana</i> Boisd., including reduced larval and pupal weight, lower adult emergence, decreased fecundity, and increased mortality. Histologically, there was epithelial cell hypotrophy and detachment, while ultrastructural damage included chromatin condensation, nuclear envelope folding, and mitochondrial damage, indicating apoptotic degeneration. These findings suggest <i>C. tiglium</i> oil and CTNE as potential, safe alternatives to chemical insecticides.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/16/1/72plant extract oilnano-emulsionbioassayhistological examinationtransmission electron microscope<i>Earias insulana</i> |
| spellingShingle | Karima S. Khater Marwa M. Abd-Elrhmman Zeinab M. E. A. Said Ali A. El-Sayed Abdelhadi A. I. Ali Lamya Ahmed Alkeridis Laila A. Al-Shuraym Jingwen Wang Qichun Zhang Ahmed A. A. Aioub Exploring the Potential Effectiveness of <i>Croton tiglium</i> Oil and Its Nano-Emulsion on <i>Earias insulana</i> (Lepidoptera: Nolidae) Insects plant extract oil nano-emulsion bioassay histological examination transmission electron microscope <i>Earias insulana</i> |
| title | Exploring the Potential Effectiveness of <i>Croton tiglium</i> Oil and Its Nano-Emulsion on <i>Earias insulana</i> (Lepidoptera: Nolidae) |
| title_full | Exploring the Potential Effectiveness of <i>Croton tiglium</i> Oil and Its Nano-Emulsion on <i>Earias insulana</i> (Lepidoptera: Nolidae) |
| title_fullStr | Exploring the Potential Effectiveness of <i>Croton tiglium</i> Oil and Its Nano-Emulsion on <i>Earias insulana</i> (Lepidoptera: Nolidae) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exploring the Potential Effectiveness of <i>Croton tiglium</i> Oil and Its Nano-Emulsion on <i>Earias insulana</i> (Lepidoptera: Nolidae) |
| title_short | Exploring the Potential Effectiveness of <i>Croton tiglium</i> Oil and Its Nano-Emulsion on <i>Earias insulana</i> (Lepidoptera: Nolidae) |
| title_sort | exploring the potential effectiveness of i croton tiglium i oil and its nano emulsion on i earias insulana i lepidoptera nolidae |
| topic | plant extract oil nano-emulsion bioassay histological examination transmission electron microscope <i>Earias insulana</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/16/1/72 |
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