Prevalence of thyroid diffuse goiter and its association with body mass index and the presence of cysts and nodules in children and adolescents: the Fukushima Health Management Survey
The main cause of diffuse thyroid goiter is autoimmune chronic thyroiditis, otherwise known as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Thyroid hormones play pivotal roles in growth and development during childhood. However, the prevalence of diffuse goiter and the relationships between diffuse goiter, thyroid volu...
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The Japan Endocrine Society
2024-04-01
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| Series: | Endocrine Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/endocrj/71/4/71_EJ23-0609/_html/-char/en |
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| author | Nana Nakahata Mahiro Asano Norikazu Abe Haruka Ejiri Hisashi Ota Satoshi Suzuki Ayako Sato Rina Tazaki Natsuki Nagamine Chisato Takahashi Yukie Yamaya Manabu Iwadate Takashi Matsuzuka Tetsuya Ohira Seiji Yasumura Satoru Suzuki Fumihiko Furuya Hiroki Shimura Shinichi Suzuki Susumu Yokoya Hitoshi Ohto Kenji Kamiya |
| author_facet | Nana Nakahata Mahiro Asano Norikazu Abe Haruka Ejiri Hisashi Ota Satoshi Suzuki Ayako Sato Rina Tazaki Natsuki Nagamine Chisato Takahashi Yukie Yamaya Manabu Iwadate Takashi Matsuzuka Tetsuya Ohira Seiji Yasumura Satoru Suzuki Fumihiko Furuya Hiroki Shimura Shinichi Suzuki Susumu Yokoya Hitoshi Ohto Kenji Kamiya |
| author_sort | Nana Nakahata |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The main cause of diffuse thyroid goiter is autoimmune chronic thyroiditis, otherwise known as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Thyroid hormones play pivotal roles in growth and development during childhood. However, the prevalence of diffuse goiter and the relationships between diffuse goiter, thyroid volume, cysts and nodules, and anthropometric measurements in children are not well known. Among 789,459 participants who participated in thyroid ultrasound examinations, 320,206 participants (male: 161,728; female: 158,478) aged 1–23 years were analyzed. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to calculate the odds ratios of the standard deviation score of body mass index (BMI-SDS), the SDS of bilateral width multiplied thickness area (BWTAR-SDS) as a provisional determination of thyroid volume, and the presence of nodules or cysts for positive diffuse goiter compared with negative diffuse goiter after correction for sex and age. The prevalence of diffuse goiter increased in a female-dominant manner with aging. Compared with the absence of diffuse goiter, the age- and sex-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for BMI-SDS (1 SD), BWTAR-SDS (1 SD), cysts, and nodules were 1.24 (1.21–1.27), 3.21 (3.13–3.29), 0.53 (0.50–0.58), and 1.38 (1.17–1.64), respectively. The odds ratios of nodules for positive diffuse goiter were 4.18 (1.08–16.08), 1.76 (1.01–3.07), 1.80 (1.32–2.45), and 1.34 (1.08–1.67) in the age groups 1–7, 8–11, 12–15, and 16–23 years, respectively. The age-dependent increase in the prevalence of diffuse goiter was independently associated with increased BMI and positive prevalence of nodules in young individuals. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-e0257dd8962f4f03a35902ec87f8306d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1348-4540 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-04-01 |
| publisher | The Japan Endocrine Society |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Endocrine Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-e0257dd8962f4f03a35902ec87f8306d2025-01-22T06:37:03ZengThe Japan Endocrine SocietyEndocrine Journal1348-45402024-04-0171438339310.1507/endocrj.EJ23-0609endocrjPrevalence of thyroid diffuse goiter and its association with body mass index and the presence of cysts and nodules in children and adolescents: the Fukushima Health Management SurveyNana Nakahata0Mahiro Asano1Norikazu Abe2Haruka Ejiri3Hisashi Ota4Satoshi Suzuki5Ayako Sato6Rina Tazaki7Natsuki Nagamine8Chisato Takahashi9Yukie Yamaya10Manabu Iwadate11Takashi Matsuzuka12Tetsuya Ohira13Seiji Yasumura14Satoru Suzuki15Fumihiko Furuya16Hiroki Shimura17Shinichi Suzuki18Susumu Yokoya19Hitoshi Ohto20Kenji Kamiya21Radiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, JapanRadiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, JapanRadiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, JapanRadiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, JapanRadiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, JapanRadiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, JapanRadiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, JapanRadiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, JapanRadiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, JapanRadiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, JapanRadiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, JapanDepartment of Surgery, Minamisoma Municipal General Hospital, Fukushima 975-0033, JapanDepartment of Head and Neck Surgery and Otolaryngology, Asahi University Hospital, Gifu 500-8856, JapanRadiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, JapanRadiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, JapanRadiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, JapanRadiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, JapanRadiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, JapanDepartment of Thyroid Therapeutic Surgery, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, Fukushima 960-1295, JapanRadiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, JapanRadiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, JapanRadiation Medical Science Center for the Fukushima Health Management Survey, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima 960-1295, JapanThe main cause of diffuse thyroid goiter is autoimmune chronic thyroiditis, otherwise known as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Thyroid hormones play pivotal roles in growth and development during childhood. However, the prevalence of diffuse goiter and the relationships between diffuse goiter, thyroid volume, cysts and nodules, and anthropometric measurements in children are not well known. Among 789,459 participants who participated in thyroid ultrasound examinations, 320,206 participants (male: 161,728; female: 158,478) aged 1–23 years were analyzed. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to calculate the odds ratios of the standard deviation score of body mass index (BMI-SDS), the SDS of bilateral width multiplied thickness area (BWTAR-SDS) as a provisional determination of thyroid volume, and the presence of nodules or cysts for positive diffuse goiter compared with negative diffuse goiter after correction for sex and age. The prevalence of diffuse goiter increased in a female-dominant manner with aging. Compared with the absence of diffuse goiter, the age- and sex-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for BMI-SDS (1 SD), BWTAR-SDS (1 SD), cysts, and nodules were 1.24 (1.21–1.27), 3.21 (3.13–3.29), 0.53 (0.50–0.58), and 1.38 (1.17–1.64), respectively. The odds ratios of nodules for positive diffuse goiter were 4.18 (1.08–16.08), 1.76 (1.01–3.07), 1.80 (1.32–2.45), and 1.34 (1.08–1.67) in the age groups 1–7, 8–11, 12–15, and 16–23 years, respectively. The age-dependent increase in the prevalence of diffuse goiter was independently associated with increased BMI and positive prevalence of nodules in young individuals.https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/endocrj/71/4/71_EJ23-0609/_html/-char/endiffuse goiterbody mass indexchildultrasonographyhealth survey |
| spellingShingle | Nana Nakahata Mahiro Asano Norikazu Abe Haruka Ejiri Hisashi Ota Satoshi Suzuki Ayako Sato Rina Tazaki Natsuki Nagamine Chisato Takahashi Yukie Yamaya Manabu Iwadate Takashi Matsuzuka Tetsuya Ohira Seiji Yasumura Satoru Suzuki Fumihiko Furuya Hiroki Shimura Shinichi Suzuki Susumu Yokoya Hitoshi Ohto Kenji Kamiya Prevalence of thyroid diffuse goiter and its association with body mass index and the presence of cysts and nodules in children and adolescents: the Fukushima Health Management Survey Endocrine Journal diffuse goiter body mass index child ultrasonography health survey |
| title | Prevalence of thyroid diffuse goiter and its association with body mass index and the presence of cysts and nodules in children and adolescents: the Fukushima Health Management Survey |
| title_full | Prevalence of thyroid diffuse goiter and its association with body mass index and the presence of cysts and nodules in children and adolescents: the Fukushima Health Management Survey |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence of thyroid diffuse goiter and its association with body mass index and the presence of cysts and nodules in children and adolescents: the Fukushima Health Management Survey |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence of thyroid diffuse goiter and its association with body mass index and the presence of cysts and nodules in children and adolescents: the Fukushima Health Management Survey |
| title_short | Prevalence of thyroid diffuse goiter and its association with body mass index and the presence of cysts and nodules in children and adolescents: the Fukushima Health Management Survey |
| title_sort | prevalence of thyroid diffuse goiter and its association with body mass index and the presence of cysts and nodules in children and adolescents the fukushima health management survey |
| topic | diffuse goiter body mass index child ultrasonography health survey |
| url | https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/endocrj/71/4/71_EJ23-0609/_html/-char/en |
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