Endemic coexistence and competition of virus variants under partial cross-immunity

In this study, we developed a mathematical framework, based on the SIR model, to study the dynamics of two competing virus variants with different characteristics of transmissibility, immune escape, and cross-immunity. The model includes variant-specific transmission and recovery rates and enables f...

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Main Authors: Shirali Kadyrov, Farkhod Haydarov, Khudoyor Mamayusupov, Komil Mustayev
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: AIMS Press 2025-02-01
Series:Electronic Research Archive
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Online Access:https://www.aimspress.com/article/doi/10.3934/era.2025050
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author Shirali Kadyrov
Farkhod Haydarov
Khudoyor Mamayusupov
Komil Mustayev
author_facet Shirali Kadyrov
Farkhod Haydarov
Khudoyor Mamayusupov
Komil Mustayev
author_sort Shirali Kadyrov
collection DOAJ
description In this study, we developed a mathematical framework, based on the SIR model, to study the dynamics of two competing virus variants with different characteristics of transmissibility, immune escape, and cross-immunity. The model includes variant-specific transmission and recovery rates and enables flexible parameterization of partial and waning cross-immunity. We conducted stability and bifurcation analyses and numerical simulations to explore the conditions of coexistence, dominance, and extinction of the variants, studying variations in epidemiological parameters that affect endemic prevalence and infection ratios. Our results indicated that transmission rates, levels of cross-immunity, and immunity waning rates are critical in determining disease outcomes, which influence variant prevalence and competitive dynamics. The sensitivity analysis provided the relative importance of these parameters and provided valuable insight into designing intervention strategies. This work contributes to furthering our understanding of multi-variant epidemic dynamics and lays the bedrock for tackling complex interactions involving arising virus variants, finding applications in real-world public health planning.
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spelling doaj-art-dfc6beb7139f4925a0a48bd7c1e86d9a2025-08-20T02:08:24ZengAIMS PressElectronic Research Archive2688-15942025-02-013321120114310.3934/era.2025050Endemic coexistence and competition of virus variants under partial cross-immunityShirali Kadyrov0Farkhod Haydarov1Khudoyor Mamayusupov2Komil Mustayev3Department of General Education, New Uzbekistan University, Movarounnahr street 1, Tashkent, UzbekistanDepartment of General Education, New Uzbekistan University, Movarounnahr street 1, Tashkent, UzbekistanDepartment of General Education, New Uzbekistan University, Movarounnahr street 1, Tashkent, UzbekistanDepartment of General Education, New Uzbekistan University, Movarounnahr street 1, Tashkent, UzbekistanIn this study, we developed a mathematical framework, based on the SIR model, to study the dynamics of two competing virus variants with different characteristics of transmissibility, immune escape, and cross-immunity. The model includes variant-specific transmission and recovery rates and enables flexible parameterization of partial and waning cross-immunity. We conducted stability and bifurcation analyses and numerical simulations to explore the conditions of coexistence, dominance, and extinction of the variants, studying variations in epidemiological parameters that affect endemic prevalence and infection ratios. Our results indicated that transmission rates, levels of cross-immunity, and immunity waning rates are critical in determining disease outcomes, which influence variant prevalence and competitive dynamics. The sensitivity analysis provided the relative importance of these parameters and provided valuable insight into designing intervention strategies. This work contributes to furthering our understanding of multi-variant epidemic dynamics and lays the bedrock for tackling complex interactions involving arising virus variants, finding applications in real-world public health planning.https://www.aimspress.com/article/doi/10.3934/era.2025050multi-variant dynamicssir modelcross-immunityvirus competitionendemic prevalencebifurcation analysisstability analysisepidemic modelingpublic health strategy
spellingShingle Shirali Kadyrov
Farkhod Haydarov
Khudoyor Mamayusupov
Komil Mustayev
Endemic coexistence and competition of virus variants under partial cross-immunity
Electronic Research Archive
multi-variant dynamics
sir model
cross-immunity
virus competition
endemic prevalence
bifurcation analysis
stability analysis
epidemic modeling
public health strategy
title Endemic coexistence and competition of virus variants under partial cross-immunity
title_full Endemic coexistence and competition of virus variants under partial cross-immunity
title_fullStr Endemic coexistence and competition of virus variants under partial cross-immunity
title_full_unstemmed Endemic coexistence and competition of virus variants under partial cross-immunity
title_short Endemic coexistence and competition of virus variants under partial cross-immunity
title_sort endemic coexistence and competition of virus variants under partial cross immunity
topic multi-variant dynamics
sir model
cross-immunity
virus competition
endemic prevalence
bifurcation analysis
stability analysis
epidemic modeling
public health strategy
url https://www.aimspress.com/article/doi/10.3934/era.2025050
work_keys_str_mv AT shiralikadyrov endemiccoexistenceandcompetitionofvirusvariantsunderpartialcrossimmunity
AT farkhodhaydarov endemiccoexistenceandcompetitionofvirusvariantsunderpartialcrossimmunity
AT khudoyormamayusupov endemiccoexistenceandcompetitionofvirusvariantsunderpartialcrossimmunity
AT komilmustayev endemiccoexistenceandcompetitionofvirusvariantsunderpartialcrossimmunity