Multiple instance learning-based prediction of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression from hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained histopathological images in breast cancer

Multiple instance learning-based prediction of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression from hematoxylin and eosin (H&E)-stained histopathological images in breast cancer

Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) is an important biomarker increasingly used as a predictive marker in breast cancer immunotherapy. Immunohistochemical quantification remains the standard method for assessment. However, it presents challenges related to time, cost, and reliability. Hematoxylin and...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Zhen Da, Heng Yang, Bianba Zhaxi, Kaixiang Sun, Guohui Bai, Chao Wang, Feiyan Wang, Weijun Pan, Rui Du
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: PeerJ Inc. 2025-04-01
Series:PeerJ
Subjects:
Breast cancer diagnosis
Immunohistochemistry (IHC)
PD-L1 expression
Weakly supervised learning
Multiple instance learning (MIL)
Online Access:https://peerj.com/articles/19201.pdf
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