Immunosuppression and Outcomes in Patients with Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck
Cutaneous squamous scell carcinoma (cSCC) is a frequent non-melanoma skin cancer that originates from keratinocytes with increased prevalence. cSCC can be either in situ, as in Bowen’s disease, or extended. Advanced age, accumulated sun exposure, light pigmentation, and prior skin cancer diagnosis a...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Doriana Iancu Ana Fulga Doina Vesa Iuliu Fulga Dana Tutunaru Andrei Zenovia Alin Ionut Piraianu Elena Stamate Corina Sterian Florentin Dimofte Mihail Alexandru Badea Alin Laurentiu Tatu |
| author_facet | Doriana Iancu Ana Fulga Doina Vesa Iuliu Fulga Dana Tutunaru Andrei Zenovia Alin Ionut Piraianu Elena Stamate Corina Sterian Florentin Dimofte Mihail Alexandru Badea Alin Laurentiu Tatu |
| author_sort | Doriana Iancu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cutaneous squamous scell carcinoma (cSCC) is a frequent non-melanoma skin cancer that originates from keratinocytes with increased prevalence. cSCC can be either in situ, as in Bowen’s disease, or extended. Advanced age, accumulated sun exposure, light pigmentation, and prior skin cancer diagnosis are all significant risk factors for cSCC. Although most cSCCs can be treated surgically, some recur and metastasize, resulting in death. The role of immune status is not yet determined in the prognosis of these patients. <b>Objective</b>. Immunosuppressed patients are more likely to develop cSCC, which is often characterized by more aggressive, multifocal lesions. This study aimed to determine the risks of mortality in patients with cSCC and immunosuppression versus non immunosuppression and to compare variations in overall survival based on different clinical features. <b>Method</b>. We evaluated clinical cases of patients at “Sfantul Apostol Andrei” Emergency Hospital of Galati, Romania, from 1 March 2018 to 1 April 2024. Subjects in the trial had to be at least 18 years old and have a pathologically confirmed diagnosis of cutaneous head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (cHNSCC). We divided the patients into two different categories based on whether they had immunosuppression. <b>Results.</b> In this cohort of 68 subjects with cSCC, patients with immunosuppression had significantly lower overall survival, as well as lower three- and five-year survival rates compared with those without immunosuppression, even after adjustment for age, sex, stage, and previous surgical treatment. The median survival time for immunosuppressed individuals ranged from 11 to 21 months, varying based on their particular characteristics, and most critically, on the presence of other malignancies, while that of immunocompetent patients ranged from 18 to 51 months. In addition, immune-deficient patients with early-stage disease had a 21-month median survival rate that changed to11 months for advanced-stage cases. In a similar manner, immunocompetent patients with early-stage cancer had a significantly better median survival than those withadvancedstages,43 versus 18months. Our results indicate that immunosuppression is a distinct risk factors associated with a less favorable outcome in patients with cHNSCC. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-df41e62d8feb4f329777c67d51f0e61b |
| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| series | Clinics and Practice |
| spelling | doaj-art-df41e62d8feb4f329777c67d51f0e61b2025-01-24T13:27:44ZengMDPI AGClinics and Practice2039-72832025-01-011512110.3390/clinpract15010021Immunosuppression and Outcomes in Patients with Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and NeckDoriana Iancu0Ana Fulga1Doina Vesa2Iuliu Fulga3Dana Tutunaru4Andrei Zenovia5Alin Ionut Piraianu6Elena Stamate7Corina Sterian8Florentin Dimofte9Mihail Alexandru Badea10Alin Laurentiu Tatu11ENT Department, “Sfantul Andrei” Emergency Hospital of Galati, 800578 Galati, RomaniaENT Department, “Sfantul Andrei” Emergency Hospital of Galati, 800578 Galati, RomaniaFaculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 800010 Galati, RomaniaFaculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 800010 Galati, RomaniaFaculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 800010 Galati, RomaniaDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, “Cai Ferate” General Hospital, 800223 Galati, RomaniaFaculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 800010 Galati, RomaniaCardiology Department, Emergency University Hospital of Bucharest, 050098 Bucharest, RomaniaDanube Medical Center, 810197 Braila, RomaniaFaculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 800010 Galati, RomaniaDepartment of Microbiology, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, 540139 Targu Mures, RomaniaFaculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, 800010 Galati, RomaniaCutaneous squamous scell carcinoma (cSCC) is a frequent non-melanoma skin cancer that originates from keratinocytes with increased prevalence. cSCC can be either in situ, as in Bowen’s disease, or extended. Advanced age, accumulated sun exposure, light pigmentation, and prior skin cancer diagnosis are all significant risk factors for cSCC. Although most cSCCs can be treated surgically, some recur and metastasize, resulting in death. The role of immune status is not yet determined in the prognosis of these patients. <b>Objective</b>. Immunosuppressed patients are more likely to develop cSCC, which is often characterized by more aggressive, multifocal lesions. This study aimed to determine the risks of mortality in patients with cSCC and immunosuppression versus non immunosuppression and to compare variations in overall survival based on different clinical features. <b>Method</b>. We evaluated clinical cases of patients at “Sfantul Apostol Andrei” Emergency Hospital of Galati, Romania, from 1 March 2018 to 1 April 2024. Subjects in the trial had to be at least 18 years old and have a pathologically confirmed diagnosis of cutaneous head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (cHNSCC). We divided the patients into two different categories based on whether they had immunosuppression. <b>Results.</b> In this cohort of 68 subjects with cSCC, patients with immunosuppression had significantly lower overall survival, as well as lower three- and five-year survival rates compared with those without immunosuppression, even after adjustment for age, sex, stage, and previous surgical treatment. The median survival time for immunosuppressed individuals ranged from 11 to 21 months, varying based on their particular characteristics, and most critically, on the presence of other malignancies, while that of immunocompetent patients ranged from 18 to 51 months. In addition, immune-deficient patients with early-stage disease had a 21-month median survival rate that changed to11 months for advanced-stage cases. In a similar manner, immunocompetent patients with early-stage cancer had a significantly better median survival than those withadvancedstages,43 versus 18months. Our results indicate that immunosuppression is a distinct risk factors associated with a less favorable outcome in patients with cHNSCC.https://www.mdpi.com/2039-7283/15/1/21immunosuppressionhead and neck skin cancercutaneous squamous cell carcinoma |
| spellingShingle | Doriana Iancu Ana Fulga Doina Vesa Iuliu Fulga Dana Tutunaru Andrei Zenovia Alin Ionut Piraianu Elena Stamate Corina Sterian Florentin Dimofte Mihail Alexandru Badea Alin Laurentiu Tatu Immunosuppression and Outcomes in Patients with Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck Clinics and Practice immunosuppression head and neck skin cancer cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma |
| title | Immunosuppression and Outcomes in Patients with Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck |
| title_full | Immunosuppression and Outcomes in Patients with Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck |
| title_fullStr | Immunosuppression and Outcomes in Patients with Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck |
| title_full_unstemmed | Immunosuppression and Outcomes in Patients with Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck |
| title_short | Immunosuppression and Outcomes in Patients with Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck |
| title_sort | immunosuppression and outcomes in patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck |
| topic | immunosuppression head and neck skin cancer cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2039-7283/15/1/21 |
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